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Transcription profiling of mouse Rb family triple knock-out (TKO) embryonic stem cells as they differentiate in vivo

ABSTRACT: The retinoblastoma cell cycle regulator pRb and the two related proteins p107 and p130 are thought to suppress cancer development both by inhibiting the G1/S transition of the cell cycle in response to growth-arrest signals and by promoting cellular differentiation. Here, we investigated the phenotype of Rb family triple knock-out (TKO) embryonic stem cells as they differentiate in vivo and in culture. Confirming the central role of the Rb gene family in cell cycle progression, TKO mouse embryos did not survive past mid-gestation and differentiating TKO cells displayed increased proliferation and cell death. However, patterning and cell fate determination were largely unaffected in these TKO embryos. Furthermore, a number of TKO cells, including in the neural lineage, were able to exit the cell cycle in G1 and terminally differentiate. This ability of Rb family TKO cells to undergo cell cycle arrest was associated with the repression of target genes for the E2F6 transcription factor, uncovering a pRb-independent control of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. These results show that the Rb gene family is required for proper embryonic development but is not absolutely essential to induce G1 arrest and differentiation in certain lineages. Experiment Overall Design: Genome-wide gene expression was analyzed for wild-type and TKO ESC and EB cells. Three biological replicates were isolated for wild-type ESCs, TKO ESCs, and wild-type EBs, while five biological replicates were isolated for TKO EBs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Stacey Wirt

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-13408 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation independent of the Rb gene family during embryonic development

Project description:The retinoblastoma cell cycle regulator pRb and the two related proteins p107 and p130 are thought to suppress cancer development both by inhibiting the G1/S transition of the cell cycle in response to growth-arrest signals and by promoting cellular differentiation. Here, we investigated the phenotype of Rb family triple knock-out (TKO) embryonic stem cells as they differentiate in vivo and in culture. Confirming the central role of the Rb gene family in cell cycle progression, TKO mouse embryos did not survive past mid-gestation and differentiating TKO cells displayed increased proliferation and cell death. However, patterning and cell fate determination were largely unaffected in these TKO embryos. Furthermore, a number of TKO cells, including in the neural lineage, were able to exit the cell cycle in G1 and terminally differentiate. This ability of Rb family TKO cells to undergo cell cycle arrest was associated with the repression of target genes for the E2F6 transcription factor, uncovering a pRb-independent control of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. These results show that the Rb gene family is required for proper embryonic development but is not absolutely essential to induce G1 arrest and differentiation in certain lineages.

2009-09-01 | GSE13408 | GEO

Gene expression profile of cerebral cortical cells after Rb family inactivation in progenitors and neurons

Project description:Cell cycle deregulation leads to abnormal proliferation and cell death in a context-specific manner. Cell cycle progression driven via Rb pathway forces neurons to undergo S-phase, resulting in cell death associated with the progression of neuronal degeneration. Nevertheless, some Rb- and Rb family (Rb, p107, and p130)-deficient differentiating neurons can proliferate and form tumors. Here, we found that differentiating cerebral cortical excitatory neurons underwent S-phase progression but not cell division after acute Rb family inactivation in differentiating neurons. However, the differentiating neurons underwent cell division and form tumors when Rb family members were inactivated in cortical progenitors. Differentiating neurons generated from Rb -/-; p107 -/-; p130 -/- (Rb-TKO) progenitors, but not acutely inactivated Rb-TKO differentiating neurons, activated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway without increasing the tri-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20 (H4K20M3), which is known to protect from DNA damage. The activation of DSB repair pathway was essential for the cell division of Rb-TKO differentiating neurons. These results suggest that newly-born cortical neurons from progenitors epigenetically become protected from DNA damage and cell division in a Rb family-dependent manner. 3 samples of pCAG-control, pCAG-RbTKO, pMAP2-control, and pMAP2-RbTKO cells

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-37577 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of cerebral cortical cells after Rb family inactivation in progenitors and neurons

2014-01-01 | GSE37577 | GEO

Delineating the Rb1 interactome data and its modulations during cell cycle progression.

Project description:The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein is a potent tumor suppressor which is known to negatively regulate the cell cycle as well as tumor progression. Phosphorylated Rb protein (pRb) has been demonstrated to be in-charge for the key G1 checkpoint, blocking entry into S-phase and thereby the cell growth. This study was designed to capture interacting protein partners of Rb1 as the cell cycle progresses. Rb1 expressing HEK-293 cells were cultured in light, medium and heavy SILAC labels to capture the changes in Rb1 interactome as the cell cycle progressed from G0 to G1S and then to G2 phase, respectively. This data might help in understanding the cell cycle regulatory effect of Rb1 protein and complement the available information on its interacting partners.

2017-09-14 | PXD007708 | Pride

Loss of Tet enzymes compromises proper differentiation of embryonic stem cells

Project description:Tet enzymes (Tet1/2/3) convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) and are dynamically expressed in various embryonic and adult cell types. While loss of individual Tet enzymes or combined deficiency of Tet1/2 allows for embryogenesis, the effect of complete loss of Tet activity and 5hmC marks in development is not established. We have generated Tet1/2/3 triple knockout (TKO) mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and examined their developmental potential. Combined deficiency of all three Tets depleted 5hmC and impaired ESC differentiation as seen in poorly differentiated TKO embryoid bodies (EBs) and teratomas. Consistent with impaired differentiation, TKO-ESCs contributed poorly to chimeric embryos and could not support embryonic development. Global gene expression and methylome analyses of TKO-EBs revealed promoter hypermethylation and deregulation of genes implicated in embryonic development and differentiation. These findings suggest a requirement for Tet- and 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation in proper regulation of gene expression during differentiation of ESCs and development. To quantify global gene expression in differentiating embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from wild type (WT) and Tet triple knockout (TKO), TKO and WT mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were differentiated in vitro to EBs and cultured for 10 days. RNA was extracted using Qiagen RNeasy kit and subjected to microarray analysis. Global gene expression profile of two technical replicas of WT embryoid bodies (2 samples in total) was compared to two technical replicas of two independent TKO embryoid bodies (4 TKO samples in total).

2014-04-14 | E-GEOD-55574 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of Tet enzymes compromises proper differentiation of embryonic stem cells

2014-04-14 | GSE55574 | GEO

Expression data from wild type and globally hypomethylated mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) during their differentiation as embyroid bodies

Project description:To analyze the role of DNA methylation during differentiation, we performed genome-wide expression analysis of undifferentiated wild type, dnmt1-/- and triple knock out (TKO; dnmt1-/-, dnmt3a-/-, dnmt3b-/-) ESCs as well as respective embryoid bodies (EBs) at two stages of differentiation We generated EBs from wild type, dnmt1-/- and TKO ESCs using the hanging drop method and performed affymetrix microarray expression analysis at three time points; i) in the undifferentiated ESC state (d0), ii) early EB differentiation (d4) and iii) later EB differentiation stage (d16).

2013-02-05 | E-GEOD-36679 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A retinoblastoma allele that is mutated at its common E2F interaction site inhibits cell proliferation in gene targeted mice

Project description:The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is best known for regulating cell proliferation through E2F transcription factors. In this report we investigate the properties of a targeted mutation that disrupts pRB interactions with the transactivation domain of E2Fs. Mice that carry this mutation endogenously (Rb1DeltaG) are defective in regulating E2F target genes. Surprisingly, cell cycle regulation in Rb1DeltaG/DeltaG MEFs strongly resembles that of wild type. In a serum deprivation induced cell cycle exit, Rb1DeltaG/DeltaG MEFs display a similar magnitude of E2F target gene derepression as Rb1-/-, even though Rb1DeltaG/DeltaG cells exit the cell cycle normally. Interestingly, cell cycle arrest in Rb1DeltaG/DeltaG MEFs is responsive to p16 expression, indicating that the DeltaG-pRB protein can be activated in G1 to arrest proliferation through non-E2F mechanisms. Some Rb1DeltaG/DeltaG mice die neonatally with a muscle degeneration phenotype, while the others live a normal lifespan with no evidence of spontaneous tumor formation. Histological analysis reveals discrete examples of hyperplasia in the mammary epithelium, but most tissues appear normal while being accompanied by derepression of pRB regulated E2F targets. This suggests that non-E2F, pRB dependent pathways may have a more relevant role in proliferative control than previously identified. Total RNA was extracted from littermate paired WT, DeltaG and null MEFs induced to enter quiencense by Serum deprivation. Expresssion levels were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0ST Array. Relative expression was determined by BRB-Array Tools software to generate RMA values.

2014-04-14 | E-GEOD-54924 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A retinoblastoma allele that is mutated at its common E2F interaction site inhibits cell proliferation in gene targeted mice

Project description:The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is best known for regulating cell proliferation through E2F transcription factors. In this report we investigate the properties of a targeted mutation that disrupts pRB interactions with the transactivation domain of E2Fs. Mice that carry this mutation endogenously (Rb1∆G) are defective in regulating E2F target genes. Surprisingly, cell cycle regulation in Rb1∆G/∆G MEFs strongly resembles that of wild type. In a serum deprivation induced cell cycle exit, Rb1∆G/∆G MEFs display a similar magnitude of E2F target gene derepression as Rb1-/-, even though Rb1∆G/∆G cells exit the cell cycle normally. Interestingly, cell cycle arrest in Rb1∆G/∆G MEFs is responsive to p16 expression, indicating that the ΔG-pRB protein can be activated in G1 to arrest proliferation through non-E2F mechanisms. Some Rb1∆G/∆G mice die neonatally with a muscle degeneration phenotype, while the others live a normal lifespan with no evidence of spontaneous tumor formation. Histological analysis reveals discrete examples of hyperplasia in the mammary epithelium, but most tissues appear normal while being accompanied by derepression of pRB regulated E2F targets. This suggests that non-E2F, pRB dependent pathways may have a more relevant role in proliferative control than previously identified.

2014-04-14 | GSE54924 | GEO

MBD-Seq of the V/SVZ and the CP at E16

Project description:Cell differentiation and proliferation are mutually exclusive. Although differentiating neurons are recognized as post-mitotic non-dividing cells, some Rb- and Rb family (Rb, p107, and p130)-deficient differentiating neurons proliferate and form tumor. Here, we found that the acute inactivation of all Rb family in differentiating cortical excitatory neurons caused radial migration defect and S-phase progression but not cell division, whereas that in cortical progenitors caused the cell division of the differentiating neurons generated from Rb –/–; p107 –/–; p130 –/– (Rb-TKO) progenitors. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed that proximal promoters tended to become methylated during differentiation in vivo. DNA demethylation by DNA methyltransferase inhibitor allowed the acutely inactivated Rb-TKO differentiating neurons to undergo G2/M-phase progression. Our finding illustrate that cortical excitatory neurons epigenetically lose their proliferative potency after neurogenesis. 1 sample of the V/SVZ tissue and the CP tissue

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-37601 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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