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Evidence for a rheostat that determines neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT: To investigate the determinants of neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury, we compared the transcriptional profiles of dying (Fluoro-Jade-positive) and immediately adjacent surviving (Fluoro-Jade-negative) neurons from the CA3 subfield of the rat hippocampus 24 hours after experimental TBI. We found that hippocampal neurons that survive TBI invariably express high levels of genes that have cellular functions involved in survival, regeneration, development, proliferation, neuronal plasticity such as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Dying neurons express high levels of genes involved in aberrant cell cycle progression, immune response, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase 3 and B-cell linker (BLNK). We conclude that shifting the balance between the global levels of these proteins with pharmacotherapeutic drugs that induce expression of cell survival associated genes, is expected to alter the cellular rheostat that determines cell survival or cell death. Replicate pooled samples (approximately 600 laser capture microdissected hippocampal neurons per sample of dying neurons (labeled with Fluoro-Jade, a fluorescent stain for degenerating CNS neurons) and surviving neurons (Fluoro-Jade-negative) were hybridized in duplicate to rat Agilent whole genome arrays.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

SUBMITTER: Michael Falduto

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-16735 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Evidence for a rheostat that determines neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury

Project description:To investigate the determinants of neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury, we compared the transcriptional profiles of dying (Fluoro-Jade-positive) and immediately adjacent surviving (Fluoro-Jade-negative) neurons from the CA3 subfield of the rat hippocampus 24 hours after experimental TBI. We found that hippocampal neurons that survive TBI invariably express high levels of genes that have cellular functions involved in survival, regeneration, development, proliferation, neuronal plasticity such as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Dying neurons express high levels of genes involved in aberrant cell cycle progression, immune response, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase 3 and B-cell linker (BLNK). We conclude that shifting the balance between the global levels of these proteins with pharmacotherapeutic drugs that induce expression of cell survival associated genes, is expected to alter the cellular rheostat that determines cell survival or cell death.

2010-12-20 | GSE16735 | GEO

Common molecular signature of two neuroprotective agents

Project description:The current lack of proven pharmacological treatment options for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients reflects the poor translation of successful preclinical studies in clinical trials. This may be due to poor choice of therapeutic agents based on incomplete knowledge of critical elements of neuroprotection. Our goal is to expedite discovery and translation of therapeutic agents that can improve functional outcome by identifying the common molecular profile of neuroprotective drugs. Since damage to the hippocampus is associated with TBI-induced deficits in learning and memory, we analyzed of the hippocampal transcriptional profiles of TBI rats treated with two clinically used drugs metyrapone and carbenoxolone, which have been shown to improve cognitive deficits in previous studies. Despite their different structures, we found that MT and CB have similar effects on several known biological pathways. The neuroprotective effects of these drugs are associated with a distinctive molecular signature which is characterized not by changes in expression of any individual gene but by a common global effect on multiple cell signaling pathways. These data suggest that drug treatments that induce a coordinated attenuation of multiple injury-induced cell signaling networks, both deleterious and protective, have high translational potential. There were 16 samples for array analysis, two biological replicates each for control (4 and 24 hour), TBI (4 and 24 hour), TBI plus MT (4 and 24 hour) and TBI plus CB (4 and 24 hour). Each biological sample, which is a pooled RNA sample (laser captured CA3 pyramidal neurons) from the hippocampus of 3-6 rats, was hybridized to duplicate arrays so that there were 32 gene arrays in this study.

2012-12-23 | E-GEOD-31357 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proteomics characterization of the neuroprotective effects of low-dose methamphetamine on rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Project description:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes hospitalizations and mortality worldwide with no approved neuroprotective treatments available, partly due to a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI neuropathology and neuroprotection. We previously reported that the administration of low-dose methamphetamine (MA) induced significant functional/cognitive improvements following severe TBI in rats. We further demonstrated that MA mediates neuroprotection in part, via dopamine-dependent activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Here, we further investigated the proteomic changes within the rat cortex and hippocampus following mild TBI (TM), severe TBI (TS), or severe TBI plus MA treatment (TSm) compared to sham operated controls (n=78 in total). We quantified >7,000 unique proteins in total and identified 402 and 801 altered proteins (APs) with high confidence in cortical and hippocampal tissues, respectively. The overall profile of APs observed in TSm rats more closely resembled those seen in TM rather than TS rats. Pathway analysis suggested beneficial roles for acute signaling through IL-6, TGFβ, and IL-1β. Moreover, changes in fibrinogen levels observed in TSm rats suggested a potential role for these proteins in reducing/preventing TBI-induced coagulopathies. These data facilitate further investigations to identify specific pathways and proteins that may serve as key targets for the development of neuroprotective therapies.

2021-03-02 | PXD024317 | Pride

Gene expression of whole hippocampus 24hr post-injury in rat

Project description:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) alters and dysregulates the expression of thousands of genes in the brain. Since some of the most common problems in TBI patients are learning and memory deficits, we are studying the effects of TBI on the hippocampus, a region of the brain which is essential for learning and memory and which is known to be particularly vulnerable to TBI. We are interested in understanding how potential neuroprotective drugs alter the TBI-induced gene expression profile. The objective of this study is to elucidate and compare the differential gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of naive, sham-control, TBI and TBI plus drug treated rats. JM6, PMI-006 and E33 are three compounds with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Our goal is to determine if different neuroprotective compounds have similar effects on common gene targets. These genes and the cell signaling pathways linked to them would then be the target of new therapeutic strategies for TBI. Rats were prepared for fluid percussion traumatic brain injury or sham injury (naÃ¯ve rats had no anesthesia and were not handled in any way and gene expression in their brains serve as baseline data) and 24 hr post-injury, hippocampi were obtained, and stored in RNA later. Total RNA was isolated, quantitified and used for Agilent microarray analysis at GenUs Biosystems. Each group of naive, sham control, TBI and TBI plus JM6, TBI plus PMI-006 and TBI plus E33 (estrogen) has three biological replicates.

2015-01-08 | E-GEOD-59645 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome profiling in the DA and PVG inbred rat strains after traumatic brain injury

Project description:Genetic factors are believed to be of importance for outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, so far mainly allelic variation in apolipoprotein E4 has been studied in human TBI. In order to study the role of genetic factors in experimental TBI, we examined parental DA and PVG strains before and after TBI. A standardized weight drop injury was used and the pericontusional area was dissected 1 day after TBI and transcriptional profiling was performed.

2012-09-06 | E-MTAB-795 | biostudies-arrayexpress

miRNA expression of whole hippocampus 24hr post-injury in rat

Project description:Traumatic brain injury dysregulates microRNA expression in the brain. We hypothesized that injury-induced epigenetic changes contribute to neurodegeneration and learning and memory deficits after TBI. These changes may provide a mechanistic explanation for neuropsychiatric comorbidities in TBI patients. Our objective is to compare and contrast the effects of several neuroprotective drugs (JM6, PMI-006 and E33-estrogen) on the TBI-induced changes in microRNA expression in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is critical for learning and memory. We will also study if different neuroprotective drugs have similar effects on common microRNAs which may cooperatively regulate a common set of gene targets. 3 biological samples each of NaÃ¯ve, Sham control, TBI and TBI plus JM6, TI plus PMI-006, and TBI plus E33 rat hippocampi were obtained 24 hr post-sham injury or TBI, stored in RNA later and sent to GenUs Biosystems for microRNA microarray analysis.

2015-01-08 | E-GEOD-59646 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Time series gene expression data from adult rat tail MNs following spinal cord transection

Project description:Spinal cord injury leads to impaired motor and sensory functions. After spinal cord injury there is a an initial phase of hypo-reflexia followed by a developing hyper-reflexia, often termed spasticity. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between the reappearance of plateau potentials in motor neurons and the development of spasticity after spinalization. To understand the molecular mechanism behind this phenomena we examined the transcriptional response of the motor neurons after spinal cord injury as it progress over time. We used a rat tail injury model where a complete transection of the caudal (S2) rat spinal cord leads to an immediate flaccid paralysis of the tail and a subsequent appearance of spasticity 2-3 weeks post injury that develops into strong spasticity after 2 months. Gene expression changes were studied in motor neurones 0, 2, 7, 21 and 60 days after complete spinal transection. Tail MNs were retrogradely labelled with Fluoro-Gold injected into the muscle and intra peritoneally. 5-7 days after tracer injections the spinal cord was dissected out, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, sliced in 10 um thick slices and fluorescent motor neurons were laser dissected into a collector tube to a total of ca. 50-200 cells pr sample. RNA was then extracted, two round amplified and hybridized to Affymetrix rat 230 2.0 arays. 31 samples were hybridized onto chips, 4 Spi-0 (Control), 6 Spi-2, 5 Spi-7, 8 Spi-21 and 8 Spi-60.

2010-05-27 | E-GEOD-19701 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Identification of molecules from dying cells that act as signals to promote proliferation of surrounding cells

Project description:To elucidate the mechanisms underlying epithelial homeostasis, we explored molecules that might serve as M-bM-^@M-^\dangerM-bM-^@M-^] signals in mediating epithelial regeneration with microarray. We hypothesize that soluble factors may have been released from damaged cells to stimulate the proliferation of surviving epithelial cells. In elucidating the mechanism of dying cell-to-surviving cell communication using normal rat kidney NRK-52E epithelial cells, we observed gene expression profiles in these cells after the induction of cell death using hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrated up-regulation of Interleukin-6, Heme oxygenase-1 and Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in dying cells. Global gene expression changes were measured after induction of cell death in NRK-52E cells after incubation with hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (0, 0.003, 0.006, 0.009% in DMEM) was teated for 1 hour. After wash with PBS, cells were incubated with non-serum DMEM for 12 hours.

2015-01-08 | E-GEOD-64733 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray analysis of brain macrophage subsets and peripheral blood monocytes in traumatic brain injury

Project description:We compared arginase-1+ macrophages (macrophages were defined by flow cytometry as CD45hi CD11b+ Ly6G-) with arginase-1- brain macrophages following traumatic brain injury (TBI) by isolating these cells from YARG transgenic mice, which express YFP under the arginase-1 promoter. Both cell populations were isolated from YARG brain tissues one day following TBI. We also examined the expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes (monocytes were defined by flow cytometry as CD11bhi F4/80+) from injured YARG mice and from normal YARG mice. Peripheral blood samples were compared to TBI brain macrophages to assess gene expression changes before and after infiltration into the brain. TBI macrophage subsets were identified by using a reporter mouse strain (YARG) that expresses eYFP from an IRES inserted at the 3' end of the gene for arginase-1 (Arg1), a hallmark of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. One day after TBI, 21Â±1.5% of ipsilateral brain macrophages expressed relatively high levels of Arg1 as detected by YFP. Gene expression analysis of Arg1+ and Arg1- brain macrophage populations revealed that these populations were distinct from either classically activated (M1) macrophages or M2 macrophages, with features of both. The Arg1+ cells differed from Arg1- cells in multiple aspects, most notably in their chemokine repertoires. Thus, the macrophage response to TBI involves recruitment of at least two major macrophage subsets. Overall, our data indicate that the macrophage response to TBI is heterogeneous and unique. Four groups (Arg1- brain macrophages post-TBI, Arg1+ brain macrophages post-TBI, normal blood monocytes, blood monocytes post-TBI) were analyzed. Four replicates of each group were analyzed for a total of 16 samples (only 3 replicates of the blood monocyte groups are included in this submission).

2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-39759 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from Soma dissected from single-cell rat Hippocampal neurons

Project description:To assess neuronal expression divergence between mice and rats, we used the Affymetrix array platform to assay the transcriptomes of micro-dissected individual soma and pool of dendrites of hippocampal neurons in dispersed primary cell cultures from rat and mouse. Using microdissected soma and dendrites from primary cultures of hippocampal neurons of two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and one rat strain (Sprague-Dawley), we investigate via microarrays, subcellular localization of mRNAs in neurons

2014-10-14 | E-GEOD-61085 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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