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Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with Myzus persicae saliva

ABSTRACT: Reference: De Vos and Jander, 2009 - Plant, Cell, and Environment Aim: Identification of genes responding to aphid saliva. Background: During feeding on phloem sap aphids repeatedly salivate into the sieve element. It is thought that compounds in aphid saliva play a role in sustainable feeding. These compounds may include proteins and small molecules, which can function as virulence factors. Growth conditions Plants: Seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) were obtained from the were kept in 0.1% Phytagar (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for 24 h at 4°C prior to planting on Cornell mix with Osmocoat fertilizer. Plants were grown in Conviron growth chambers in 20- x 40-cm nursery flats at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 mmol m-2 s-1 and a 16-h photoperiod. The temperature in the chambers was 23°C and the relative humidity was 50%. Plants were grown for 3 weeks and used in experiments before flowering. Aphids: All experiments were conducted with a tobacco-adapted red lineage of M. persicae. Aphids were raised on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) with a 16-h day (150 mmol m-2 s-1 at 24°C) and an 8-h night (19°C) at 50% relative humidity. Experimental set-up/treatment: Fifty aphids were allowed to feed from 50 µL artificial diet, containing sucrose and amino acids (Kim and Jander, 2007) between two layers of Parafilm. After 24 h, artificial diet from 20 aphids and control (0 aphids) diet cups was collected and infiltrated into leaves of intact Arabidopsis plants using a 1-mL syringe without the needle. Plants for control diet and aphid saliva containing diet were grown in the same pot to allow for a paired comparison. Eighteen leaves (3 leaves from 6 plants) treated with control and aphid saliva containing diet were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. This experiment was repeated 3 times to function as independent biological replicates. RNA extraction + processing: RNA was extracted using the Qiagen Plant RNeasy kit. RNA quality and quantity was assessed with an Agilent BioAnalyser 2100. Samples were processed by the Cornell Microarray facility. Whole genome gene expression profiling was done using Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChips. Data analysis: Raw data from the microarrays was normalized at probe-level using gcRMA algorithm. The detection calls (present, marginal, absent) for each probe set was obtained using the GCOS system. Significance of gene expression was determined using the LIMMA (Smyth, 2004) program and raw p values of multiple tests were corrected using False Discovery Rate (FDR). 6 samples were used in this experiment

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

SUBMITTER: Martin De Vos

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-18960 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Reference: De Vos and Jander, 2009 - Plant, Cell, and Environment Aim: Identification of genes responding to aphid saliva. Background: During feeding on phloem sap aphids repeatedly salivate into the sieve element. It is thought that compounds in aphid saliva play a role in sustainable feeding. These compounds may include proteins and small molecules, which can function as virulence factors. Growth conditions Plants: Seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) were obtained from the were kept in 0.1% Phytagar (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for 24 h at 4°C prior to planting on Cornell mix with Osmocoat fertilizer. Plants were grown in Conviron growth chambers in 20- x 40-cm nursery flats at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 mmol m-2 s-1 and a 16-h photoperiod. The temperature in the chambers was 23°C and the relative humidity was 50%. Plants were grown for 3 weeks and used in experiments before flowering. Aphids: All experiments were conducted with a tobacco-adapted red lineage of M. persicae. Aphids were raised on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) with a 16-h day (150 mmol m-2 s-1 at 24°C) and an 8-h night (19°C) at 50% relative humidity. Experimental set-up/treatment: Fifty aphids were allowed to feed from 50 µL artificial diet, containing sucrose and amino acids (Kim and Jander, 2007) between two layers of Parafilm. After 24 h, artificial diet from 20 aphids and control (0 aphids) diet cups was collected and infiltrated into leaves of intact Arabidopsis plants using a 1-mL syringe without the needle. Plants for control diet and aphid saliva containing diet were grown in the same pot to allow for a paired comparison. Eighteen leaves (3 leaves from 6 plants) treated with control and aphid saliva containing diet were harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. This experiment was repeated 3 times to function as independent biological replicates. RNA extraction + processing: RNA was extracted using the Qiagen Plant RNeasy kit. RNA quality and quantity was assessed with an Agilent BioAnalyser 2100. Samples were processed by the Cornell Microarray facility. Whole genome gene expression profiling was done using Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChips. Data analysis: Raw data from the microarrays was normalized at probe-level using gcRMA algorithm. The detection calls (present, marginal, absent) for each probe set was obtained using the GCOS system. Significance of gene expression was determined using the LIMMA (Smyth, 2004) program and raw p values of multiple tests were corrected using False Discovery Rate (FDR).

Project description:The aim of this study is to identify Arabidopsis genes whose expression is altered by aphid feeding. An understanding of the plant aphid interaction at the level of the plant transcriptome will 1) consolidate current areas of investigation focused on the phloem composition (the aphid diet), 2) open up areas of plant aphid interactions for ourselves and other workers, 3) Contribute to understanding the use of new molecular technologies in an environmental context and 4) contribute to existing and development of novel control strategies.Our Arabidopsis/Myzus persicae system provides a valuable model for the study because of: a) the advantages of using Arabidopsis, b) The ability to use clonal insects, c) phloem feeding aphids facilitate focus on a specific cell type, d) aphid stylectomy allows collection of pure phloem sap to monitor ‘phloem phenotype’ of the plant and the insect diet, e) we have techniques to monitor the reproductive performance and feeding behaviour aphids.Our strategy has been to test the function of selected genes, particularly those regulating phloem composition (the feeding site of the aphid) based on current phloem models of phloem function. Gene choice is limited the simplicity of current models of phloem aphid interaction.We propose a simple two treatment (aphid infested vs control plants) experiment that will identify novel target genes for future analysis. Arabidopsis plants (variety Columbia) will be grown in 16/8 light/dark in temperature controlled growth rooms. At growth stage 3.90, when rosette growth is complete, 10 clonal adult Myzus persicae will be caged in clip cages on the two largest leaves on each plant. Control plants will be treated identically except that the cages will be empty. Leaves will be harvested 8 h after infestation. This time point is selected as we know that 90% of aphids are plugged into the sieve element within 2h and that a 6h lag phase has period has previously been used when examining gene expression affected by wounding. In subsequent experiments we will examine time courses of expression of relevant genes using other approaches. Pooling two leaves from each of ten plants will generate the RNA sample, ensuring that expression signals are representative of the population of plants. Keywords: pathogenicity_design

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Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with Myzus persicae saliva

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