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Differential Gene Expression in Daphnia magna Suggests Distinct Modes of Action and Bioavailability for ZnO nanoparticles and Zn ions

ABSTRACT: Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are being rapidly developed for use in consumer products, wastewater treatment and chemotherapy providing several possible routes for ZnO NP exposure to humans and aquatic organisms. Recent studies have shown that ZnO NPs undergo rapid dissolution to Zn+2, but the relative contribution of Zn+2 to ZnO NP bioavailability and toxicity is not clear. Gene expression profiling of D. magna exposed to ZnO NPs or ZnSO4 at equitoxic concentrations demonstrated that the particles cause toxicity through a distinct mechanism compared with Zn+2. D. magna were also exposed to a SiO NPs as a particle control at equimolar concentrations. The SiO NPs resulted in few differentially expressed genes and there was very little overlap between the genes affected by the ZnO NPs and the SiO NPs, suggesting that ZnO NPs cause a distinct pattern of differentially expressed genes. In the ZnO NP exposures, effects were observed to genes involved in cytoskeletal transport, cellular respiration and reproduction. Three biomarker genes including a multi-cystatin, ferritin and a C1q containing gene were confirmed as differentially expressed in a specific pattern by ZnO NP and provide a suite of biomarkers for identifying environmental exposure to ZnO NP and differentiating between NP and ionic exposure. We exposed Daphnia magna to the 1/10 LC50 and LC25 of ZnO nanoparticles and Zn++ as ZnSO4 for 24-h. For each exposure condition, we performed 3 exposures and 2 technical replicates (as dye swap) for each exposure (6 microarrays total). All exposures were compared to a unexposed laboratory control

ORGANISM(S): Daphnia magna

SUBMITTER: Helen Poynton

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-22051 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Differential Gene Expression in Daphnia magna Suggests Distinct Modes of Action and Bioavailability for ZnO nanoparticles and Zn ions

Project description:Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are being rapidly developed for use in consumer products, wastewater treatment and chemotherapy providing several possible routes for ZnO NP exposure to humans and aquatic organisms. Recent studies have shown that ZnO NPs undergo rapid dissolution to Zn+2, but the relative contribution of Zn+2 to ZnO NP bioavailability and toxicity is not clear. Gene expression profiling of D. magna exposed to ZnO NPs or ZnSO4 at equitoxic concentrations demonstrated that the particles cause toxicity through a distinct mechanism compared with Zn+2. D. magna were also exposed to a SiO NPs as a particle control at equimolar concentrations. The SiO NPs resulted in few differentially expressed genes and there was very little overlap between the genes affected by the ZnO NPs and the SiO NPs, suggesting that ZnO NPs cause a distinct pattern of differentially expressed genes. In the ZnO NP exposures, effects were observed to genes involved in cytoskeletal transport, cellular respiration and reproduction. Three biomarker genes including a multi-cystatin, ferritin and a C1q containing gene were confirmed as differentially expressed in a specific pattern by ZnO NP and provide a suite of biomarkers for identifying environmental exposure to ZnO NP and differentiating between NP and ionic exposure.

2010-12-31 | GSE22051 | GEO

Toxicity and transcriptomic analysis in Hyalella azteca suggests increased exposure and susceptibility of epibenthic organisms to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Project description:Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are expected to make their way into the aquatic environment where sedimentation of particles will likely occur, putting benthic organisms at particular risk. Therefore, organisms such as Hyalella azteca, an epibenthic crustacean which forages at the sediment surface, is likely to have a high potential exposure. Here we show that Zinc Oxide (ZnO) NPs are more toxic to H. azteca compared with the corresponding metal ion, Zn2+. Dissolution of ZnO NPs contributes about 50% of the Zn measured in the ZnO NP suspensions, and cannot account for the toxicity of these particles to H. azteca. However, gene expression analysis is unable to distinguish between the ZnO NP exposures and Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) exposures at equitoxic concentrations. These results lead us to hypothesize that ZnO NPs provide and an enhanced exposure route for Zn2+ uptake into H. azteca, and possibly other sediment dwelling organisms. Our study supports the prediction that sediment dwelling organisms are highly susceptible to the effects of ZnO NPs and should be considered in the risk assessment of these nanomaterials. This experiment included four different treatments and an untreated control. Each treatment or control, consisted of ten independent replicates of twenty Hyalella azteca. Of these, six were randomly chosen to be used for the microarray analysis.

2013-07-24 | E-GEOD-49136 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Toxicity and transcriptomic analysis in Hyalella azteca suggests increased exposure and susceptibility of epibenthic organisms to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2013-07-24 | GSE49136 | GEO

The effect of CuO nanoparticles on gene expression patterns in Daphnia magna

Project description:There is still a lot of contradiction on whether metal ions are solely responsible for the observed the toxicity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to aquatic species. While most tests have studied nanoparticle effects at organismal levels (e.g. mortality, reproduction), effects at suborganismal levels may clarify the role of metal ions, nanoparticles and nanoparticle aggregates. In this study, the effect of ZnO, CuO nanoparticles and zinc, copper salts was tested on the gene expression levels in Daphnia magna. D. magna was exposed during 96 hours to 10% immobilization concentrations of all chemicals, after which daphnids were sampled for a differential gene expression analysis using microarray. When comparing the nanoparticle exposed daphnids (ZnO or CuO) to the metal salt exposed daphnids (zinc or copper salt), the microarray results showed no significantly differentially expressed genes. These results indicate that the toxicity of the tested ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to D. magna caused is solely caused by toxic metal ions. 4 replicate exposures of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnCl2, Blank (for Zn); 4 replicate exposures of CuO nanoparticles, CuCl2.2H2O, Blank (for Cu); Individual reference design with swapped dyes for zinc (e.g. ZnO-REFZn; REFZn-bl) and copper exposure (e.g. CuO-REFCu; REFCu-bl); Zinc reference sample is a mixture of equal aliquots of ZnO nanoparticle, ZnCl2 and blank; Copper reference sample is a mixture of equal aliquots of CuO nanoparticle, CuCl2.2H2O and blank

2014-03-01 | E-GEOD-54738 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on gene expression patterns in Daphnia magna

2014-03-01 | E-GEOD-54736 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling in Daphnia magna, Part III: Uncovering Biomarkers for Metal and ORC exposures

Project description:To determine toxicant specific effects of Ordnance Related Compound (ORC) exposure we performed microarray hybridizations with RNA isolated from Daphnia magna following different ORC exposures at the 1/10 LC50. The gene expression profiles revealed toxicant specific gene expression profiles allowed for the identification of specific biomarkers of exposure. Keywords: ecotoxicogenomic exposure study We exposed Daphnia magna the 1/10 LC50 of different Ordnance Related Compounds (Cu, Zn, Pb, WO4, RDX, TNT, 2-ADNT, 2-ADNT, TNB, DNB, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT) for 24 hours. For each exposure condition, we performed 3 exposures and 2 technical replicates (as dye swap) for each exposure (6 microarrays total, except TNT and Cu). All exposures were compared to a unexposed laboratory control (MHRW media).

2010-05-18 | E-GEOD-13169 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Toxicogenomic Responses of Nanotoxicity in Daphnia magna Exposed to Silver Nitrate and Coated Silver Nanoparticles

Project description:Applications for silver nanomaterials in consumer products are rapidly expanding, creating an urgent need for toxicological examination of the exposure potential and ecological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The integration of genomic techniques into environmental toxicology has presented new avenues to develop exposure biomarkers and investigate the mode of toxicity of novel chemicals. In the present study we used a 15k oligonucleotide microarray for Daphnia magna, a freshwater crustacean and common indicator species for toxicity, to differentiate between particle specific and ionic silver toxicity and to develop exposure biomarkers for citrate-coated and PVP-coated AgNPs. Gene expression profiles revealed that AgNO3 and AgNPs have distinct expression profiles suggesting different modes of toxicity. However, the gene expression profiles of the different coated AgNPs were similar revealing similarities in the cellular effects of these two particles. Major biological processes disrupted by the AgNPs include protein metabolism and signal transduction. In contrast, AgNO3 caused a downregulation of developmental processes, particularly in sensory development. Metal responsive and DNA damage repair genes were induced by the PVP AgNPs, but not the other treatments. In addition, two specific biomarkers were developed for the environmental detection of PVP AgNPs; although further verification under different environmental conditions is needed. We exposed Daphnia magna to the 1/10 LC50 and LC25 of citrate coated and PVP-coated Ag nanoparticles and Ag+ as AgNO3 for 24-h. For each exposure condition, we performed 6 replicate exposures with 5 individuals in each. All exposures were compared to a unexposed laboratory control.

2012-08-04 | E-GEOD-35150 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Continuous ZnO nanoparticle exposure induces melanoma-like skin lesions in epidermal barrier dysfunction model mice through anti-apoptotic effects mediated by the oxidative stress–activated NF-κB pathway

Project description:Increasing interest in the hazardous properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), commonly used as ultraviolet filters in sunscreen, has driven efforts to study the percutaneous application of ZnO NPs to diseased skin; however, in-depth studies for epidermal barrier dysfunction remain lacking. Our epidermal barrier dysfunction model develops large gaps between keratinocytes due to keratinocyte-specific Cdc42 knockout, allowing ZnO NPs entry to the stratum basale of the epidermis, impacting melanocytes. ZnO NP application for 14 and 49 consecutive days induced melanoma-like skin lesions, dysregulated melanoma-associated gene expression, increased oxidative injury, inhibited apoptosis, and increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and Bcl-2 expression in melanocytes. Exposure to 5.0 µg·mL−1 ZnO NPs for 72 h increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and increased Fkbp51 expression in melanocytes, consistent with histological observations. The oxidative stress–mediated mechanism underlying the induction of anti-apoptotic effects was verified using the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. The entry of ZnO NPs into the stratum basale of skin with epidermal barrier dysfunction resulted in melanoma-like skin lesions and an anti-apoptotic effect induced by oxidative stress, activating the NF-κB pathway in melanocytes. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs are potentially carcinogenic for skin with a damaged barrier function.

2022-03-09 | GSE183662 | GEO

Gene expression profiles of Daphnia magna exposed to Cd at the 1/10 LC50

Project description:Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal causing sublethal and chronic effects in crustaceans. Omic technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to better understand modes of toxicity by providing a holistic view of the molecular changes underlying physiological disruption. We sought to use gene expression and metabolomic analyses to reveal the processes leading to chronic Cd toxicity in the indicator species, Daphnia magna, after a 24-h sublethal exposure (18 ug/L, corresponding to 1/10 LC50). We first confirmed that metabolites can be detected and identified in small volumes (~3-6 ul) of D. magna hemolymph using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. We then compared the altered metabolite levels from a mass spectrometry metabolomics study to differentially expressed genes identified by a D. magna 44k oligonucleotide microarray. Metabolomics identified several essential amino acids, nucleotides and fatty acids as decreased in D. magna hemolymph following Cd exposure. Transcriptional changes included decreased levels of digestive enzymes and increased expression of genes related to embryonic development. The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles, as well as incorporation of results from previous studies, has enabled construction of a conceptual model detailing how sublethal Cd disrupts energy reserves and reproduction resulting in chronic toxicity. Daphnia magna were exposed to 18 micrograms/L Cadmium sulfate for 24 hours. RNA was extracted and hybridized to a custom Daphnia magna microarray to determine genes differentially expressed by the treatment. Two treament experiment:Unexposed and Cd treatment, 6 replicates for each condition

2010-12-31 | E-GEOD-20218 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Combined effects of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on functional gene expression of Nitrosomonas europaea

Project description:To further explore and differentiate the biotoxicity mechanisms of individual nanoparticles (NPs) and NP mixture on Nitrosomonas europaea (N. europaea, ATCC 19718) at genetic level, a genome-sequenced model ammonia oxidizing bacterium (AOB) commonly detected in the activated sludge of biological wastewater treatment plants, the induced whole-genome expressions were analyzed with the high throughput Microarray technique, after the dose-dependent changes of N. europaea’s physiological, metabolic and AMO enzyme activities in single and dual component NP systems was evaluated. NP stress induced gene expressions were measured after 6hr exposure to 10 ppm nano-ZnO, 50 nano-TiO2 and their mixture.Three independent experiments were performed for each experiment.

2015-06-23 | E-GEOD-70121 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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