Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood progenitors

ABSTRACT: Similar to embryo-derived stem cells, application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is limited by our understanding of lineage specification. Here, we demonstrate the ability to generate progenitors and mature cells of the hematopoietic fate directly from human dermal fibroblasts without establishing pluripotency. POU domain activation of hematopoietic transcription factors by ectopic expression of Oct-4, together with specific cytokine treatment, allowed generation of cells expressing the pan-leukocyte marker CD45. These unique fibroblast-derived cells gave rise to granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic, and erythroid lineages, and demonstrated in vivo engraftment capacity. Distinct from PSC-derived hematopoietic cells, adult and not embryonic hematopoietic programs are activated, consistent with bypassing pluripotent state to generate blood fate. These findings suggest an alternative approach to cellular reprogramming for autologous cell-replacement therapies that avoids complications associated with the use of human PSCs. Molecular analysis was done on purified untransduced Fibs, Oct-4 transduced Fibs at day 4, CD45+ve Fibs at day 21 and hematopoietic cytokine treated CD45+ve Fibs at day 37. The day 4 Oct-4 transduced Fibs were isolated by puromycin selection overnight (Oct-4 vector contains puromycin resistance cassette), purity of sample was validated by staining for Oct-4 followed by Oct-4 expression analysis using flow cytometry; samples used for molecular analysis exhibited 99% Oct-4 levels. The day 21 and day 37 CD45+veFibsOct-4 were isolated based on their CD45 expression. D21 and D37 cells were stained with CD45-APC antibody (BD Biosciences) and sorted using FACSAria II (Becton- Dickinson); samples used for molecular analysis exhibited 99% CD45 levels. Analysis was performed on two biological replicates per sample.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Ryan Mitchell

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-24621 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:In vitro generation of mature neutrophils from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires hematopoietic progenitor development followed by myeloid differentiation. The purpose of our studies was to extensively characterize this process, focusing on the critical window of development between hemogenic endothelium, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and myeloid commitment, to identify associated regulators and markers that might enable the stem cell field to improve the efficiency and efficacy of iPSC hematopoiesis. We utilized a 4-stage differentiation protocol involving: embryoid body (EB) formation (Stage-1); EB culture with hematopoietic cytokines (Stage-2); HSPC expansion (Stage-3); and neutrophil maturation (Stage-4). CD34+CD45- putative hemogenic endothelial cells were observed in Stage-3 cultures, and expressed VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR and VE-cadherin endothelial markers, GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, and SCL/TAL1 transcription factors, and endothelial/HSPC-associated microRNAs miR-24, miR-125a-3p, miR-126/126*, and miR-155. Upon further culture, CD34+CD45- cells generated CD34+CD45+ HSPCs that produced hematopoietic CFUs. Mid-Stage-3 CD34+CD45+ HSPCs exhibited increased expression of GATA-2, AML1/RUNX1, SCL/TAL1, C/EBPÎ±, and PU.1 transcription factors, but exhibited decreased expression of HSPC-associated microRNAs, and failed to engraft in immune-deficient mice. Mid-stage-3 CD34-CD45+ cells maintained PU.1 expression and exhibited increased expression of hematopoiesis-associated miR-142-3p/5p and a trend towards increased miR-223 expression, indicating myeloid commitment. By late Stage-4, increased CD15, CD16b, and C/EBPÎµ expression were observed, with 25-65% of cells exhibiting morphology and functions of mature neutrophils. These studies demonstrate that hematopoiesis and neutrophil differentiation from human iPSCs recapitulates many features of embryonic hematopoiesis and neutrophil production in marrow, but reveals unexpected molecular signatures that may serve as a guide for enhancing iPSC hematopoiesis. miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in iNC-01-3 and iNC-01-4 induced pluripotent stem cell lines at day 0 (undifferentiated iPSCs), day 18 of differentiation (embryoid bodies), and in 3 FACS-sorted cell populations at day 22 of differentiation (CD34+CD45- cells, CD34+CD45+ cells, and CD34-CD45+ cells). Comparative CT analysis was normalized to U6 snRNA and RNU48 control RNAs relative to expression in undifferentiated iPSCs. Data includes 2 files for each sample, one for the card A array and one for the card B array. This includes a total of 32 data files consisting of: 5 replicates for undifferentiated iPSCs (10 files), 2 replicates for EB (4 files), 3 replicates for CD34+CD45- (6 files), 3 replicates for CD34+CD45+ (6 files), and 3 replicates for CD34-CD45+ (6 files).

Project description:MLL-AF4 is a hallmark genomic aberration which arises prenatally in high-risk infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), MLL-AF4 skewed hemato-endothelial specification but was not sufficient for transformation. Additional cooperating genetic insults seem required for MLL-AF4-mediated leukemogenesis. FLT3 is highly expressed in MLL-AF4+ ALL through activating mutations (FLT3-TKD or FLT3-ITD) or increased transcriptional expression, being therefore considered a potential cooperating event in MLL-AF4+ ALL. Here, we explored the developmental impact of FLT3 activation on its own or in cooperation with MLL-AF4 in the hematopoietic fate of hESCs. FLT3 activation did not impact specification of CD45-CD31+ hemogenic precursors but significantly enhanced the formation of CD45+CD34+ and CD45+ blood cells and blood progenitors with clonogenic potential. Importantly, FLT3 activation through FLT3 mutations or FLT3-WT overexpression completely abrogated hematopoietic differentiation from MLL-AF4-expressing hESCs, indicating that FLT3 activation cooperates with MLL-AF4 to inhibit human embryonic hematopoiesis. Cell cycle/apoptosis analyses suggest that FLT3 activation directly impacts hESC specification rather than selective proliferation/survival of hESC-emerging hematopoietic derivatives. Transcriptional profiling supported the limited impact of FLT3 activation on hESC specification towards CD45-hemogenic precursors and the enhanced hematopoiesis upon FLT3 activation, and inhibited hematopoiesis upon MLL-AF4 expression in FLT3-activated hESCs which was associated to large transcriptional changes and regulation of master early hematopoietic genes. Also, although FLT3 activation and MLL-AF4 cooperate to inhibit embryonic hematopoiesis the underlying molecular/genetic mechanisms differ depending on how FLT3 activation is achieved. Finally, FLT3 activation did not cooperate with MLL-AF4 to immortalize/transform hESC-derived hematopoietic cells. 18 samples were analyzed. CD45- hemogenic precursors EV, 2 biological rep CD45- hemogenic precursors FLT3-TKD, 2 biological rep CD45- hemogenic precursors FLT3-WT, 2 biological rep CD45- hemogenic precursors FLT3-TKD/MLLAF4, 2 biological rep CD45- hemogenic precursors FLT3-WT/MLLAF4, 2 biological rep CD45+ blood cells EV, 1 biological rep CD45+ blood cells FLT3-TKD, 2 biological rep CD45+ blood cells FLT3-WT, 2 biological rep CD45+ blood cells FLT3-TKD/MLLAF4, 2 biological rep CD45+ blood cells FLT3-WT/MLLAF4, 1 biological rep

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Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to multilineage blood progenitors

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