Promoter methylation in HNSCC tumor cell lines is significantly different from primary tumors and xenografts
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Michael Ochs
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-24787 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:This study focused on global methylation changes between tumors, normal mucosa, primary tumor xenografts, and cell lines in order to determine epigenetic changes in cell cultures and xenografts derived from primary tumors.
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Project description:Silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter region of some known or putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) occurs frequently during the development of various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study we used an expanded mRNA expression profiling approach followed by microarray expression analysis to identify epigenetically inactivated genes in HNSCC. Two HNSCC cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2M-bM-^@M-^Y-deoxycytidine followed by microarray analysis to identify epigenetically silenced genes in HNSCC. 1960, 614, and 427 genes were upregulated in HNSCC cell lines JHU-012, JHU-011 and the combination of both cell lines, respectively. HNSCC tumor and normal mucosal samples were used for gene profiling by a 47K mRNA gene expression array and we found, 7140 genes were downregulated in HNSCC tumors compared to normal mucosa as determined by microarray analysis and were integrated with cell line data. Integrative analysis defined 126 candidate genes, of which only seven genes showed differentially methylation in tumors and no methylation in normal mucosa after bisulfite sequencing. After validation by QMSP, one gene, GNG7, was confirmed as being highly methylated in tumors and unmethylated in normal mucosal and salivary rinse samples demonstrating cancer-specific methylation in HNSCC tissues. TXNIP and TUSC2 were partially methylated in tumors and normal salivary rinses but unmethylated in normal mucosa. We concluded GNG7 as a highly specific promoter methylated gene associated with HNSCC. In addition, TXNIP and TUSC2 are also potential biomarkers for HNSCC. We performed pharmacological unmasking analysis on two HNSCC cancer cell lines JHU-O11 and JHU-O12 by treating cells with or without 5-aza-dC, followed by RNA extraction and microarray analysis using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0. The array data were analyzed by initially dChip and then SAM. We performed a four-phase strategy to obtain the unmasked genes in the cells treated with 5-aza and downregulated genes in primary tumors. In the first phase, we compared the cell lines, either JHU-012 or JHU-011, before treatment to the cell lines treated with 5-aza, in order to identify genes that were reexpressed M-bM-^IM-% 2 fold. We found 1960 genes that were upregulated by 5-aza-dC in JHU-O12 cell line. SAM output was obtained at a delta value of 2.05 with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10% and the d-score cut-off was 1.17. 614 reexpressed genes were found in 5 aza-treated JHU-O11 (SAM output; delta: 2.089, FDR%: 10, d-score cut-off: 2.8). 427 genes were commonly upregulated in both cell lines when the cell lines were normalized and analyzed together (SAM output; delta: 1.44, FDR%: 10, d-score cut-off: 1.88). In the second phase of our analysis, we further extracted RNA and performed the 47K mRNA expression array analysis on 13 primary HNSCC tumors samples and 5 normal mucosa samples from non-cancer control patients. After initial dChip and SAM analysis (SAM output; delta: 1.247, FDR%: 5.24, d-score cut-off:0.24), we found 7140 downregulated genes in primary HNSCC tumors compared with normal mucosa. In the third phase, we investigated these three data sets: a) SAM output of 1960 upregulated genes after 5-aza treatment of JHU-012 vs SAM output of 7140 downregulated genes in primary HNSCC: We found that 210 genes that were upregulated by 5-aza-dC in the JHU-O12 cell line and showed downregulation in tumor samples, b) SAM output of 614 upregulated genes after 5-aza treatment of JHU-011 vs SAM output of 7140 downregulated genes in primary HNSCC: We found 79 genes that were upregulated by 5-aza-dC in the JHU-O11 cell line and showed downregulation in tumor samples, c) SAM output from analyzing both cell lines together in the same SAM computation, of 427 upregulated genes after 5-aza treatment of JHU-011 and JHU-012 vs SAM output of 7140 downregulated genes in primary HNSCC: We found 44 genes that were upregulated by 5-aza-dC in JHU-O11 and JHU-012 cell lines and showed downregulation in tumor samples, suggesting that methylation might be involved in gene downregulation. In the fourth phase of our strategy, we rank-ordered the results of upregulated genes obtained from these 3 data sets and found 126 common genes. We then examined promoter regions of the 126 genes for CpG islands and performed bisulfite sequencing analysis of the promoter region of these genes. We found that 7 genes showed a differential methylation pattern between normal and neoplastic samples. After validation of these genes in a cohort of 33 HNSCC patients and normal salivary and mucosal samples from healthy people by QMSP, we found 3 genes of interest.
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Project description:Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers (HNSCCs) have a distinct risk profile and appreciate a prognostic advantage compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. Promoter hypermethylation has been widely recognized as an important mechanism in the progression of HNSCC, but the extent to which this mechanism is consistent between HPV(+) and HPV(-) tumors is unknown. To assess the genome-wide methylation changes in HPV(+) and HPV(-) tumors, we analyzed DNA methylation and expression patterns in two HPV(+) and two HPV(-) cell lines. HPV(+) tumors have overall higher DNA methylation in genic and LINE1 regions than HPV(-) tumors, and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) targets tend to be much more highly methylated in HPV(+) cells. Bisulphite-converted DNA from 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines were hybridized to the Illumina Infinium 27k Human Methylation Beadchip.
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Project description:The methylation analysis of 3 FF HPV+ HNSCC samples and 21 FP HPV- HNSCC samples by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Analysis of 6 450k methylation profiles, comprising 3 HPV+ HNSCC samples and 3 HPV- HNSCC samples
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Project description:Single-cell transcriptomic characterization primary HNSCC tumors
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Project description:Silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Aberrant hypermethylation in the promoter region of some known or putative tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) occurs frequently during the development of various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study we used an expanded mRNA expression profiling approach followed by microarray expression analysis to identify epigenetically inactivated genes in HNSCC. Two HNSCC cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine followed by microarray analysis to identify epigenetically silenced genes in HNSCC. 1960, 614, and 427 genes were upregulated in HNSCC cell lines JHU-012, JHU-011 and the combination of both cell lines, respectively. HNSCC tumor and normal mucosal samples were used for gene profiling by a 47K mRNA gene expression array and we found, 7140 genes were downregulated in HNSCC tumors compared to normal mucosa as determined by microarray analysis and were integrated with cell line data. Integrative analysis defined 126 candidate genes, of which only seven genes showed differentially methylation in tumors and no methylation in normal mucosa after bisulfite sequencing. After validation by QMSP, one gene, GNG7, was confirmed as being highly methylated in tumors and unmethylated in normal mucosal and salivary rinse samples demonstrating cancer-specific methylation in HNSCC tissues. TXNIP and TUSC2 were partially methylated in tumors and normal salivary rinses but unmethylated in normal mucosa. We concluded GNG7 as a highly specific promoter methylated gene associated with HNSCC. In addition, TXNIP and TUSC2 are also potential biomarkers for HNSCC.
2014-05-01 | GSE29330 | GEO
Project description:Distant metastasis is a major factor associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but little is known of its molecular mechanisms. New markers that predict clinical outcome, in particular the ability of primary tumors to develop metastatic tumors, are urgently needed. Here, we identified neurotensin, highly expressed in HNSCCs in comparison with normal tissues, as an invasion-promoting factor in HNSCC by using microarray analysis of clinical samples. Indeed, neurotensin overexpression associated with lymph node metastasis of neck, and tumors exhibiting neurotensin overexpression had a poor distant metastasis-free survival rate. In HNSCC cells which expressed neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), neurotensin promoted cellular invasion, migration, and induction of matrix metalloproteinases transcripts. Disruption of NTSR1 signaling by silencing RNA caused the reversion of the invasion of HNSCC cells. By further microarray analysis using neurotensin-treated cells, neurotensin caused increased expression of genes implicated in tumor progression and metastasis including cell growth, migration, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Our findings have revealed a critical role of neurotensin/NTSR1 for invasion and migration in the metastatic process of HNSCC. This study raises the possibility that neurotensin/NTSR1 could be used as a possible predictive marker and a molecular therapeutic target in the antimetastatic strategies of HNSCC. Keywords: Identification of a novel therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas A total of 21 primary HNSCC samples were obtained from patients who underwent tumor resection at Chiba University Hospital (Chiba, Japan). 21 samples of normal-appearing mucosa at the margin of the surgical resection several centimeters from the tumor were also collected and designated histologically normal mucosa. 21 HNSCCs and paired normal tissues were used for microarray experiment. The clinicopathological grade was classified according to the criteria of the Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer. The Ethics Committee of Chiba University approved our study, and informed consent was obtained from all patients for use of their tissue samples and clinical data. Tissue samples were immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until use.
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Project description:Promoter methylation in HNSCC tumor cell lines is significantly different from primary tumors and xenografts
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