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Cross-species comparison of C/EBPα and PPARγ profiles in mouse and human adipocytes reveals interdependent retention of binding sites

ABSTRACT: We used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing to map all binding sites of C/EBPα and PPARγ in human SGBS adipocytes and compared these with the genome-wide profiles from mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes to systematically investigate what biological features correlate with retention of sites in orthologous regions between mouse and human. Despite a limited interspecies retention of binding sites, several biological features make sites more likely to be retained. First, co-binding of PPARγ and C/EBPα in mouse is the most powerful predictor of retention of the corresponding binding sites in human. Second, vicinity to genes highly upregulated during adipogenesis significantly increases retention. Third, the presence of C/EBPα consensus sites correlate with retention of both factors, indicating that C/EBPα facilitates recruitment of PPARγ. Fourth, retention correlates with overall sequence conservation within the binding regions independent of C/EBPα and PPARγ sequence patterns, indicating that other transcription factors work cooperatively with these two key transcription factors. C/EBPα and PPARγ ChIP-seq in mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS adipocytes.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Susanne Mandrup

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-27450 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Cross-species comparison of C/EBPα and PPARγ profiles in mouse and human adipocytes reveals interdependent retention of binding sites

Project description:We used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with deep sequencing to map all binding sites of C/EBPα and PPARγ in human SGBS adipocytes and compared these with the genome-wide profiles from mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes to systematically investigate what biological features correlate with retention of sites in orthologous regions between mouse and human. Despite a limited interspecies retention of binding sites, several biological features make sites more likely to be retained. First, co-binding of PPARγ and C/EBPα in mouse is the most powerful predictor of retention of the corresponding binding sites in human. Second, vicinity to genes highly upregulated during adipogenesis significantly increases retention. Third, the presence of C/EBPα consensus sites correlate with retention of both factors, indicating that C/EBPα facilitates recruitment of PPARγ. Fourth, retention correlates with overall sequence conservation within the binding regions independent of C/EBPα and PPARγ sequence patterns, indicating that other transcription factors work cooperatively with these two key transcription factors.

2011-02-23 | GSE27450 | GEO

Acute Genome-Wide Effects of Rosiglitazone on PPARγ Transcriptional Networks in Adipocytes

Project description:Here we report, for the first time, the acute effects of the synthetic PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone on the transcriptional network of PPARγ in adipocytes. Treatment with Rosiglitazone for 1 hour leads to acute transcriptional activation as well as repression of a number of genes as determined by genome-wide RNA polymerase II occupancy. Unlike what has been shown for many other nuclear receptors, agonist treatment does not lead to major changes in the occurrence of PPARγ binding sites. However, rosiglitazone promotes PPARγ occupancy at many preexisting sites, and this is paralleled by increased occupancy of the mediator subunit MED1. The increase in PPARγ and MED1 binding is correlated with an increase in transcription of nearby genes indicating that rosiglitazone, in addition to activating the receptor, also promotes its association with DNA, and that this is causally linked to recruitment of mediator and activation of genes. Notably, both Rosiglitazone-activated and -repressed genes are induced during adipogenesis. However, Rosiglitazone-activated genes are markedly more associated with PPARγ than repressed genes and are highly dependent on PPARγ for expression in adipocytes. By contrast, repressed genes are associated with the other key adipocyte transcription factor CCAAT-Enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα), and their expression is more dependent on C/EBPα. This suggests that the relative occupancies of PPARγ and C/EBPα are critical for whether genes will be induced or repressed by PPARγ agonist. Examination of binding of PPARγ, C/EBPα, RNAPII, CBP and MED1 in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 1 μM Rosiglitazone and/or 0.1% DMSO for 1 hour.

2013-08-01 | E-GEOD-49423 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Acute TNF-induced repression of cell identity genes is mediated by NFkB-directed redistribution of cofactors from super-enhancers

Project description:The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in low-grade adipose tissue inflammation and development of insulin resistance during obesity. In this context, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), is directly involved and required for the acute activation of the inflammatory gene program. Here we show that the major transactivating subunit of NF?B, v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), is also required for acute TNF-induced suppression of adipocyte genes. Notably, this repression does not involve RELA binding to the associated enhancers but rather loss of cofactors and enhancer RNA (eRNA) selectively from high occupancy sites within super-enhancers. Based on these data we have developed models that with high accuracy predict which enhancers and genes are repressed by TNF in adipocytes. We show that these models are applicable to other cell types where TNF represses genes associated with super-enhancers in a highly cell type-specific manner. Our results propose a novel paradigm for NF?B-mediated repression, whereby NF?B selectively redistributes cofactors from high occupancy enhancers, thereby specifically repressing super-enhancer-associated cell identity genes. Genome-wide assesment of the acute transcriptional response to TNF in human SGBS adipocytes using RNA- ChIP- and DHS-seq. Total RNA-seq and RNAPII-ChIP seq for vehicle and TNF treated adipocytes are available under GSE60462

2015-06-17 | E-GEOD-64233 | biostudies-arrayexpress

In situ promoter capture Hi-C data of differentiated SGBS human preadipocytes (days 0, 2, 8 and 16 of differentiation to adipocytes) and iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons (days 12, 16 and 27 of differentiation)

Project description:Human SGBS preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes, and human iPSCs were differentiated into hypothalamic neurons. Cells were collected for in situ promoter capture Hi-C [PMID: 29988018] at several differentiation stages. The differentiations were performed in one biological replicate, with two technical replicates (different wells of the differentiation that were also processed individually during library preparation). SGBS Day0: Represents the preadipocyte state. SGBS Day2: Represents immature adipocytes. SGBS Day8: Represents early mature adipocytes. SGBS Day16: Represents mature adipocytes. Hypothalamic Day 12: Represents early hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 16: Represents mid hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 27: Represents mature hypothalamic neurons.

2021-05-29 | E-MTAB-10488 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) of 175bp human genomic fragments containing variants in high LD with lead variants from obesity GWAS associations.

Project description:We performed a massively parallel reporter assay on 2,396 genomic regions containing single nucleotide polymorphisms that are in high linkage disequilibrium with 97 lead variants from an obesity GWAS (PMID: 25673413). Regions were transfected into human SGBS preadipocytes, SGBS mature adipocytes, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, HT22 hippocampal cells, and GT1-7 cells and assessed for enhancer activity. The processed file contains the MPRA barcodes.

2021-05-22 | E-MTAB-10463 | biostudies-arrayexpress

C/EBPα and PPARγ-specific transcriptional programs in mature adipocytes in vivo

Project description:We took a systematic approach to determine the transcriptional programs that are specifically regulated by C/EBPα in mature white adipocytes of mice on chow diet or high fat diet. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that C/EBPα, as a lipogenic transcription factor, has unique direct targets compared to PPARγ. Our inducible adipocyte specific knockout system allows us to test the direct targets of C/EBPα and PPARγ in adipocytes by short-term C/EBPα or PPARγ elimination in mature adipocytes in vivo. Results indicate that although it has been shown that C/EBPα and PPARγ cross-regulate each other, they have distinct direct responsive targets. Moreover, there are very few C/EBPα specific targets in mice on a chow diet, most of the C/EBPα targets in mature adipocytes are genes modulated by HFD feeding.

2014-11-04 | GSE62937 | GEO

Microarray Analysis of Genes Regulated by Macrophage-Conditioned Media Treatment of Human Adipocytes

Project description:A major development in obesity research is the recognition that the condition is characterized by chronic mild inflammation. Within adipose tissue, this involves the infiltration of macrophages as well as a direct inflammatory response of adipocytes. This study has used Agilent whole-genome microarrays to examine the effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on the global inflammatory response of human adipocytes. Human adipocytes (SGBS cells), differentiated in culture, were treated with macrophage (U937 cells) conditioned media for 4 or 24 h. Control SGBS cells were treated with unconditioned media (control) or RPMI media alone to control for differences in media used to culture U937 cells. There were 6 replicates per group.

2010-04-08 | E-GEOD-14312 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiling (RNA-seq) of SGBS human preadipocytes (days 0, 2, 8 and 16 of differentiation to adipocytes) and iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons (days 12, 16 and 27 of differentiation)

Project description:Human SGBS preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes, and human iPSCs were differentiated into hypothalamic neurons. Cells were collected for RNA-seq at several differentiation stages. The differentiations were performed in one biological replicate, with three technical replicates (different wells of the differentiation that were also processed individually during library preparation). SGBS Day0: Represents the preadipocyte state. SGBS Day2: Represents immature adipocytes. SGBS Day8: Represents early mature adipocytes. SGBS Day16: Represents mature adipocytes. Hypothalamic Day 12: Represents early hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 16: Represents mid hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 27: Represents mature hypothalamic neurons.

2021-05-22 | E-MTAB-10461 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from human SGBS adipocytes under hypoxic conditions

Project description:Hypoxia in adipose tissue is suggested to be involved in the development of a chronic mild inflammation, which in obesity can further lead to insulin-resistance. The effect of hypoxia on gene expression in adipocytes seems to play a central role in this inflammatory response observed in obesity. However, the global impact of hypoxia on transcriptional changes in human adipocytes is unclear. Therefore, we compared gene expression profiles of human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes under normoxic or hypoxic conditions to detect hypoxia-responsive genes in adipocytes by using whole human genome microarrays. Human SGBS adipocytes were cultured in a hypoxic environment (1% O2) for 3, 6 and 16 hours and the control group was cultured under normoxic conditions (21% O2). Total RNA was prepared from control and treated SGBS cells, in triplicate experiments, and probes were hybridized on ‘Human Genome U133 2.0’ arrays (Affymetrix).

2011-04-14 | E-GEOD-28603 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Open chromatin profiling (ATAC-seq) of SGBS human preadipocytes (days 0, 2, 8 and 16 of differentiation to adipocytes) and iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons (days 12, 16 and 27 of differentiation)

Project description:Human SGBS preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes, and human iPSCs were differentiated into hypothalamic neurons. Cells were collected for ATAC-seq at several differentiation stages. The differentiations were performed in one biological replicate, with two technical replicates (different wells of the differentiation that were also processed individually during library preparation). SGBS Day0: Represents the preadipocyte state. SGBS Day2: Represents immature adipocytes. SGBS Day8: Represents early mature adipocytes. SGBS Day16: Represents mature adipocytes. Hypothalamic Day 12: Represents early hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 16: Represents mid hypothalamic neurons. Hypothalamic Day 27: Represents mature hypothalamic neurons.

2021-05-22 | E-MTAB-10462 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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