Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Waves of early transcriptional activation and pluripotency program initiation along human preimplantation development.

ABSTRACT: The events regulating human preimplantation development are still largely unknown, due to scarcity of material, ethical and legal limitations, and lack of reliable techniques to faithfully amplify the transcriptome of a single cell. Nonetheless, knowledge in human embryology is gathering renewed interest due to its close relationship with both stem cell biology and epigenetic reprogramming to pluripotency, and their centrality to regenerative medicine. Using carefully timed genome-wide transcript analyses on single oocytes and embryos, the analysis of the data allowed us to uncover a series of successive waves of embryonic transcriptional initiation which start as early as the 2 cell stage. In addition, we identified hierarchical activation of genes involved in the regulation of pluripotency. Finally, we developed HumER, a free database of human preimplantation human development gene expression to serve the scientific community. Importantly, our work links early transcription in the human embryo with the correct execution of the pluripotency program later in development, and paves the way for the identification of factors to improve epigenetic reprogramming. Gene expression profiling of human pre-implantation was followed with biological triplicates of oocyte to blastocyst stages, and compared with ESCs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Stephanie Boue

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-29397 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Waves of early transcriptional activation and pluripotency program initiation during human preimplantation development.

Vassena Rita R Boué Stéphanie S González-Roca Eva E Aran Begoña B Auer Herbert H Veiga Anna A Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos JC

Development (Cambridge, England) 20110720 17

The events regulating human preimplantation development are still largely unknown owing to a scarcity of material, ethical and legal limitations and a lack of reliable techniques to faithfully amplify the transcriptome of a single cell. Nonetheless, human embryology is gathering renewed interest due to its close relationship with both stem cell biology and epigenetic reprogramming to pluripotency and their importance in regenerative medicine. Carefully timed genome-wide transcript analyses of si ...[more]

PMID: 21775417

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Project description:Study question: Is gene expression in human preimplantation embryos affected by medium used for culturing embryos during an IVF treatment? Summary answer: Six days of in vitro culture of human preimplantation embryos resulted in a medium-dependent expression level of genes involved in apoptosis, protein degradation, metabolism and cell cycle regulation. What is known already: Several human studies have shown an effect of culture medium on embryo development, pregnancy outcome and birthweight. However, the underlying mechanisms in human embryos are still unknown. In animal blastocysts, it has been demonstrated that culture of preimplantation embryos affects gene expression. In humans, it has been found that culture medium affects gene expression of cryopreserved embryos that, after thawing, were cultured in two different media for 2 more days. Study design, size, duration: In a multicenter trial, women were randomly assigned to two culture media groups (G5 and HTF). Data on embryonic development were collected for all embryos. In one center, embryos originating from 2PN zygotes that were not selected for transfer or cryopreservation on day 2 or 3, were further cultured until day 6 and collected for this study, if couples consented. Participants/materials, setting, methods: Ten blastocysts from each study group, matched for fertilization method, maternal age and blastocyst quality, were selected and their mRNA was isolated and amplified. Embryos were individually examined for genome-wide gene expression using Agilent microarrays and PathVisio was used to identify the pathways that showed a culture medium-dependent activity. Main results and the role of chance: Expression of 951 genes differed significantly (P < 0.01) between the two study groups. Eighteen pathways, involved in apoptosis, metabolism, protein processing and cell cycle regulation, showed a significant overrepresentation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DNA replication, G1 to S cell cycle control and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were upregulated in the G5 group compared with the HTF group. This is in agreement with the higher number of cells seen in G5 embryos on day 2 and 3. Limitations, reasons for caution: Despite careful matching of the embryos, it cannot be ruled out that differences observed between the study groups are affected by factors not investigated. Extrapolation of these results to embryos used for transfer demands caution as in the present study embryos that were not selected for either embryo transfer or cryopreservation have been used for the culture experiment until day 6. Wider implications of the findings: This study shows that gene expression in human preimplantation embryos is affected by the culture medium used during an IVF treatment. Furthermore, it provides insight into the biological mechanisms that are affected. The increased cell cycle regulation is reflected by a higher number of blastomeres. Whether these results are also connected to long-term effects remains unknown. However, it is not unlikely that early adaptations of the preimplantation embryo to its environment persist during fetal and post-natal development. Note: this study has been conducted using the Agilent-028004 SurePrint G3 Human GE 4x180K Microarray. This array contains the same reporters as the Agilent-028004 SurePrint G3 Human GE 8x60K Microarray. As such we have linked this entry to the A-GEOD-14550 array design, belonging to the latter.

Project description:The transition between morula and blastocyst stage during preimplantation development represents the first differentiation event of embryogenesis. Morula cells undergo the first cellular specialization and produce two well-defined populations of cells, the trophoblast and the inner cell mass (ICM). Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with unlimited self-renewal capacity are believed to represent the in vitro counterpart of the ICM. Both mouse and rat ESCs can be derived from the ICM cells, but their in vitro stability differs. In this study we performed a microarray analysis in which we compared the transcriptome of mouse and rat morula, blastocyst, and ICM. This cross-species comparison represents a good model for understanding the differences in derivation and cultivation of ESCs observed in the two species. In order to identify alternative regulation of important molecular mechanisms the investigation of differential gene expression between the two species was extended at the level of signaling pathways, gene families, and single selected genes of interest. Some of the genes differentially expressed between the two species are already known to be important factors in the maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs, like for example Sox2 or Stat3, or play a role in reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency like c-Myc, Klf4 and p53 and therefore represent interesting candidates to further analyze in vitro in the rat ESCs. This is the first study investigating the gene expression changes during the transition from morula to blastocyst in the rat preimplantation development. Our data show that in the pluripotent pool of cells of the rat and mouse preimplantation embryo substantial differential regulation of genes is present, which might explain the difficulties observed for the derivation and culture of rat ESCs using mouse conditions Casanova EA, Okoniewski MJ, Cinelli P. Cross-Species Genome Wide Expression Analysis during Pluripotent Cell Determination in Mouse and Rat Preimplantation Embryos.PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047107. Epub 2012 Oct 15. We collected morula and blastocysts stage embryos from mouse and rat and, by immunosurgery, we isolated the ICM cells from the blastocysts. All the embryos and ICMs were pooled into two groups for every developmental stage. Pooling of embryos for RNA extraction in this study was chosen mainly because of the low amounts of RNA that can be isolated from preimplantation embryos, and in addition because of the heterogeneity of the cell populations present in the embryos. For the analysis we pooled a large number (n >100) of the independent isolated embryos to achieve a sufficient accuracy of biological pooling . Due to the difficulties to isolate a larger number of embryos from mice and rats, we performed the microarray study by using two replicate samples per developmental stage.

Project description:Methods for haplotyping and DNA copy number typing of single cells are paramount for studying genomic heterogeneity and enabling genetic diagnosis. Before analyzing the DNA of a single cell by microarray or next-generation sequencing, a whole-genome amplification (WGA) process is required that substantially distorts the frequency and composition of the cell’s alleles. As a consequence, haplotyping methods suffer from error-prone discrete SNP-genotypes (AA, AB, BB), and DNA copy number profiling remains difficult as true DNA copy number aberrations have to be discriminated from WGA-artifacts. Here, we developed a single-cell genome analysis method that reconstructs genome-wide haplotype architectures as well as the copy-number and segregational origin of those haplotypes by deciphering WGA-distorted SNP B-allele fractions, using a process we coin haplarithmisis. We demonstrate clinical precision of the method on single cells biopsied from human embryos to diagnose disease alleles genome wide, we advance and facilitate the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies in single cells, and can distinguish meiotic from mitotic segregation errors in a single assay. Here we provide two sample sets, including (1) a reference family delivering samples applied for the development and optimization of single-cell genotyping, QC-metrics, haplarithmisis and the siCHILD algorithm. Specifically, the reference family delivers genomic DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood of two siblings 'S1' and 'S2', the mother and father of these siblings, as well as of the maternal grandmother and grandfather. Of individuals ‘S1’ and ‘S2’, six EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid single cells were also isolated, of which three were whole-genome amplified using MDA and three using PicoPlex. These multi-cell genomic DNA samples and single-cell WGA-products were hybridized to Illumina HumanCytoSNP12-v2.1 SNP-arrays following: (i) the protocol as recommended by the company and/or (ii) a modified rapid protocol as described below. Subsequently, the SNP-probe signals were interpreted by two different genotyping algorithms (GenCall and GenoSNP). Based on overall performance, we decided to use GenCall for interpreting Illumina SNP-probe signals of single-cell and multi-cell DNA samples. (2) A set of 12 families undergoing genetic diagnosis (for Mendelian disorders or translocation chromosomes) of preimplantation embryos following in vitro fertilization. In general, each family delivers genomic DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood of the two parents as well as a sibling and/or other close relatives; the specific kinships for each family are given in the 'description' column. In addition, of each family single blastomeres biopsied from preimplantation embryos obtained via in vitro fertilization of the parental gametes are also provided. All single-cell genomes were amplified by MDA. All the samples were hybridized to Illumina HumanCytoSNP12-v2.1 SNP-arrays following the rapid protocol. This data was used for clinical validation of the siCHILD algorithm.

Dataset Information

Waves of early transcriptional activation and pluripotency program initiation along human preimplantation development.

Publications

Waves of early transcriptional activation and pluripotency program initiation during human preimplantation development.

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