Gene expression analysis of OX40-triggered mouse Treg
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Paola Pittoni
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-32373 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Regulatory T (Treg) maintain the tumor microenvironment in an immunosuppressive state preventing effective anti-tumor immune response. A possible strategy to overcome Treg cell suppression focuses on OX40, a costimulatory molecule expressed constitutively by Treg cells while induced in activated effector T (Teff) cells. OX40 stimulation by the agonist mAb OX86 inhibits Treg cell suppression and boosts Teff cell activation. Here we uncover the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of OX86 treatment dissecting its distinct effects on Treg and on effector memory T (Tem) cells, which are the most abundant CD4+ populations strongly expressing OX40 at the tumor site. In response to OX86, tumor-infiltrating Treg cells produced significantly less interleukin 10 (IL-10), possibly in relation to a decrease in the transcription factor IRF1. Tem cells responded to OX86 by upregulating surface CD40L expression, providing a licensing signal to dendritic cells (DCs). The CD40L/CD40 axis was required for Tem cell-mediated in vitro DC maturation and in vivo DC migration. Accordingly, OX86 treatment was no longer therapeutic in CD40 KO mice. In conclusion, following OX40 stimulation, blockade of Treg cell suppression and enhancement of the Tem cell adjuvant effect both concurred to free DCs from immunosuppression and to activate the immune response against the tumor.
2011-09-26 | GSE32373 | GEO
Project description:Although several markers have been associated with the characterization of regulatory T cells (Treg) and their function, no studies have investigated the dynamics of their phenotype during infection. Since the necessity of Treg to control immunopathology has been demonstrated, we used the chronic helminth infection model S. mansoni to address the impact on the Treg gene repertoire. Before gene expression profiling we first chose to study the localization and antigen-specific suppressive nature of classically defined Treg during infection. Presence of Foxp3+ cells were found especially in the periphery of granulomas and isolated CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ Treg from infected mice blocked IFN-gamma and IL-10 cytokine secretion from infected CD4+CD25- effector T cells (Teff). Furthermore the gene expression patterns of Treg and Teff showed that in total 474 genes were significantly regulated during chronic schistosomiasis. Upon k-means clustering we identified genes exclusively regulated in all four populations including Foxp3, CD103, GITR, OX40 and CTLA-4: classical Treg markers. During infection however, several non-classical genes were up-regulated solely within the Treg population such as Slpi, Gzmb, Mt1, Fabp5, Nfil3, Socs2, Gpr177 and Klrg1. Using RT-PCR we confirmed aspects of the microarray data and in addition showed that the expression profile of Treg from S. mansoni-infected mice is simultaneously unique and comparative with Treg derived from other infections Regulatory T cells (Treg) or effector T cells (Teff) were FACS-sorted as CD4+CD25+ or CD4+CD25- from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of naive mice or from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Affymetrix MOE430A 2.0 genechips were used to identify genes differentially expressed in Treg or Teff under resting or infected conditions.
2010-04-12 | E-GEOD-17580 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Treg cells also suppress a variety of other immune responses, including anti-tumor and alloimmune responses. We have previously reported that tumor-activated Treg cells express granzyme B and that granzyme B is important for Treg cell-mediated suppression of anti-tumor immune responses (GSE13409). Here, we report that allogeneic mismatch also induces the expression of granzyme B. Granzyme B-deficient mice challenged with fully mismatched allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells have markedly improved survival compared to WT and other granzyme- or perforin-deficient mice, suggesting an immunoregulatory role for granzyme B in this setting. Treg cells harvested from the tumor environment of P815-challenged mice express granzyme B. Treg cells also express granzyme B in vitro during mixed lymphocyte reactions and in vivo in a mouse model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, in contrast to findings from our previously published tumor model, granzyme B is not required for the suppression of effector T cell (Teff) proliferation in in vitro Treg suppression assays stimulated by either Concanavalin A or allogeneic antigen presenting cells. Additionally, in an ex vivo assay, sort-purified in vivo-activated CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells from mice with active GVHD -- under conditions known to induce granzyme B expression in Treg cells -- suppressed Teff cell proliferation in a granzyme B-independent manner. Adoptive transfer of naive granzyme B-deficient CD4+CD25+ Treg cells into a mouse model of GVHD rescued hosts from lethatlity equivalently to naive wild-type Treg cells. Serum analysis of GVHD-associated cytokine production in these recipients also demonstrated that Treg cells suppressed production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma in a granzyme B-independent manner. In order to determine whether the context in which Treg cells are activated alters the intrinsic properties of Treg cells, we used Foxp3 reporter mice to obtain gene expression profiles of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells purifed from naive resting spleens, spleens from mice with acute GVHD, and from ascites fluid of mice challenged intraperitoneally with allogeneic P815 tumor cells. Unsupervised analyses revealed distinct activation signatures of Treg cells among the 3 experimental groups. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that granzyme B is not required for Treg cell-mediated suppression of GVHD, which is in contrast to what we have previously reported for Treg cell function in the setting of tumor challenge. Cell intrinsic differences could partially account for these differential phenotypes. These data also suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting specific Treg cell suppressive functions in order to segregate GVHD and graft-versus-tumor effector functions. Experiment Overall Design: Six replicates of Naive CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells were purified from resting spleens, five replicates of allogeneic tumor-activated Treg cells and three samples of GVHD-activated Treg cells. Experiment Overall Design: Naive reps 1-3 are controls for the GVHD-activated samples. Experiment Overall Design: Naive reps 4-6 are controls for the Allogeneic tumor-activated samples.
2009-09-15 | E-GEOD-16210 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Expression of CD40 in non-hematopoietic cells has been linked to inflammation. We presented evidence that CD40, a T-cell costimulatory molecule, is expressed in human β-cells and the engagement of CD40 in insulinoma cells activated the NFKB and ERK1/2 pathways. CD40 activation in human islets cells induced secretion of IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1 β, which is abrogated by inhibitors of NFkB and ERK1/2 inhibitors. In this study, we have studied gene expression mediated by CD40-CD40L interaction in islet cells. This approach identified 90 genes and transcripts exhibiting at least a 1.7 fold increase in their expression intensity after treatment with soluble CD40L. A significant number of genes were related to inflammation and oxidative stress. We have a strong overexpression of CXCL1 (Groα), CXCL2 (Mif2) and CXCL3; chemokines belonging to CXC family structurally related to Il-8. 11 genes were selected from this group and further quantified by Real Time PCR, including CXCL1. Activation of islet cells with CD40L induced the secretion of CXCL1 in a NFKB dependent manner. Engagement of CD40 in islet cells did not induce apoptosis, neither β-cell death and did not enhanced TNF-α mediated cell death as observed in insulinoma cells. CD40 activation in insulinoma cells, results in ERK1/2 dependent phsophorylation of synapsin I, a protein associated with the exocytosis machinery in neurons and β-cells. However, treatment of islets with soluble CD40L did not affect glucose induced insulin secretion. It has been reported that ductal cells always present in human islet preparations express CD40 constitutively (ref). We found that CD40-CD40L interaction in ductal cells, unlike in β-cells, induces secretion of diabetogenic cytokines IFNγ and TNF-α. Furthermore, incubation of islets containing ductal cells with CD40L decreased β-cells viability as assessed by measurement of their mitochondrial membrane potential Experiment Overall Design: We isolated islet cells from three patients. Part of islet cells from each patient has been treated with CD40L. We compared gene expression in treated cells vs untreated for each patient using dye-swap.
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-8873 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are promising cellular therapies to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for cancer has sparked interest in using CARs to generate antigen-specific Tregs. Here, we compared CAR with endogenous T cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 activation in human Tregs. Strikingly, CAR Tregs displayed increased cytotoxicity and diminished suppression of antigen-presenting cells and effector T (Teff) cells compared with TCR/CD28 activated Tregs. RNA sequencing revealed that CAR Tregs activate Teff cell gene programs. Indeed, CAR Tregs secreted high levels of inflammatory cytokines, with a subset of FOXP3+ CAR Tregs uniquely acquiring CD40L surface expression and producing IFNγ. Interestingly, decreasing CAR antigen affinity reduced Teff cell gene expression and inflammatory cytokine production by CAR Tregs. Our findings showcase the impact of engineered receptor activation on Treg biology and support tailoring CAR constructs to Tregs for maximal therapeutic efficacy.
2024-11-30 | GSE282623 | GEO
Project description:The CD40-CD40L dyad seems to play a prominent role fostering the immune-inflammatory response triggered by endothelial cell (EC)-T cell interaction. To comprehensively delineate the involvement of CD40 (TNFRSF5) in EC activation, we combined RNAi-mediated CD40 knock-down with comparative genome-wide transcriptional profiling of EC in response to T cell. We report the initiation of a profound stress response in ECs upon CD40-CD40L engagement through early up-regulation, among others, of the major pro-inflammatory NFkB and MAPK/SAPK pathways and their associated transcription factors. Moreover, we have identified novel genes regulated through the CD40-CD40L interaction, and pathways previously unrecognized to be induced by CD40 signaling in ECs. Thus, we document a strong down-regulation of endothelial APLN by CD40-CD40L interaction, which could lead to vascular tone dysfunction in atherosclerotic lesions. Conversely, CD40-mediated up-regulation of the viral immune surveillance system, notably TLR3, IFIH1, RIG-I, and RNASEL, establishes a reverse link from adaptive to innate immunity in ECs. Moreover, systematic enrichment analysis substantiates endothelial CD40 involvement in the transcriptional regulation of gene networks associated with adhesion and motility, immunity, cell fate control, hemostasis and metabolism. Our study also highlights the potency and specificity of CD40 siRNA mediated inhibition, and the relevance of CD40 signaling pathways for anti-inflammatory therapeutic intervention. Experiment Overall Design: Time course experiment comparing endothelial gene expression profiling of CD40-silenced versus non-silenced cultured cells using RNA interference. Two independent experiments were performed where HUVECs were siRNA-transfected and co-cultured with Jurkat D1.1 for 4, 10, 16 h and harvested for RNA extraction. Technical dye swap duplicates were performed for each of the two biological replicates in all three time points.
2009-02-21 | E-GEOD-10601 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Increased protein synthesis is a hallmark of CD4 effector T cell (Teff) activation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the activation, proliferation, and subsequent effector functions of Teff cells. Several mechanisms have been proposed for Treg-mediated suppression, including release of suppressive cytokines and expression of inhibitory receptors. However, molecular mechanisms that enforce suppression on Teff cell function are unclear. Control of CD4 effector T cell activation has largely been defined at the transcriptional level, which does not reflect changes in post-transcriptional control. We Tregs suppress CD4 Teff activation through regulation of global protein synthesis prior to cell division. Using polysome profiling, we analyzed genome-wide changes in the transcriptome and translatome of activated CD4 Teff cells. We found that mRNAs encoding for the protein synthesis machinery are regulated at the level of translation in activated Teff cells, and that Tregs their translation without affecting their transcription. This translational inhibition is controlled by Treg-mediated regulation of Torc1 signaling. These data show that peripheral tolerance is enforced by Tregs through mRNA translational control in Teff cells.
2022-01-20 | GSE171789 | GEO
Project description:Inhibition of the costimulatory CD40-CD40L receptor/ligand dyad drastically reduces atherosclerosis. However, its long-term blockage can result in immune suppression. We recently identified small molecule inhibitors that block the interaction between CD40 and TNF Receptor Associated Factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF-STOPs), while leaving CD40-TRAF2/3/5 interactions intact, thereby preserving CD40-mediated immunity. Here we further characterized the working mechanisms of TRAF-STOPs 6877002 and 6860766 in atherogenesis. Transcriptional profiling in CD40-activated macrophages showed that TRAF-STOP 6877002 had profound effects on the clusters ‘immune responses’ and ‘cell cycle progression’, whereas TRAF-STOP 6860766 only affected ‘immune responses’.
2018-01-15 | GSE90835 | GEO
Project description:Atherosclerosis, the underlying vascular cause of cardiovascular disease, has a strong inflammatory component. The co-stimulatory CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling axis is a pivotal regulator of immune responses in atherosclerosis. However, therapeutic long-term inhibition of CD40L will severely compromise the immune system making it a non-viable treatment option. To circumvent this issue, cell-specific inhibition may present a better approach to target the CD40-CD40L axis. Therefore, we generated T cell and platelet-specific knockout mice for CD40L and apolipoprotein E, which were aged for 28 weeks to study their effects on immune status and atherosclerosis. Here, we show that T cell specific deficiency in CD40L signaling reduced plaque progression through hampered Th1 polarization as well as reduced antigen-dependent proliferation and oxLDL IgM production. DC-specific CD40 deficient mice displayed a similar phenotype. Platelet-specific CD40L deficiency, however, failed to decrease atherosclerosis, but ameliorated atherothrombosis. Together, our results illuminate the divergent cell-specific mechanisms of CD40-CD40L signaling in atherosclerosis, which may lead to advances in targeted therapies.
2021-03-16 | GSE145585 | GEO
Project description:Analysis of the gene signature of OX40+ Tregs, in comparison to OX40- Tregs and Tconvs, freshly isolated from liver cirrhosis and tumor of chronic HCV patients. Results provide insights into the metabolic mechanisms of Treg proliferation in premalignant/malignant contexts.
2018-06-26 | GSE103523 | GEO