Use of Pleiotropy to Model Genetic Interactions in a Population
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SUBMITTER: Gregory Carter
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-34787 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Microarray data to analyze differential biology underlying pheromone response and overall mating efficiency in a yeast population
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Project description:Haploid budding yeast has two mating types, defined by the alleles of the MAT locus, MATa and MATα. Mating occurs when two haploid cells of opposite mating types signal to each other using reciprocal pheromones and receptors, polarize and grow towards each other, and eventually fuse to form a single diploid cell. The pheromones and receptors are necessary and sufficient to define a mating type, but other mating type-specific proteins make mating more efficient. We examined the role of these proteins by genetically engineering “transvestite” cells that swap the pheromone, pheromone receptor, and pheromone processing factors of one mating type for another. These cells can mate with each other, but their mating is inefficient. By characterizing their mating defects and examining their transcriptomes, we found Afb1 (a-factor barrier), a novel MATα-specific protein that interferes with a-factor, the pheromone secreted by MATa cells. We show that strong pheromone secretion is essential for efficient mating and that the weak mating of transvestites can be improved by boosting their pheromone production. Using synthetic biology, it is possible to characterize the factors that control efficiency in biological processes. In the case of budding yeast mating, selection for increased mating efficiency is likely to have continually boosted pheromone levels and the ability to discriminate between partners who make more (potentially fitter) and less (potentially less fit) pheromones. This sensitivity to which partner makes more pheromone comes at a cost: it means mating is not robust in situations where all potential partners make less pheromone.
2014-01-07 | GSE49372 | GEO
Project description:Haploid budding yeast has two mating types, defined by the alleles of the MAT locus, MATa and MATM-NM-1. Mating occurs when two haploid cells of opposite mating types signal to each other using reciprocal pheromones and receptors, polarize and grow towards each other, and eventually fuse to form a single diploid cell. The pheromones and receptors are necessary and sufficient to define a mating type, but other mating type-specific proteins make mating more efficient. We examined the role of these proteins by genetically engineering M-bM-^@M-^\transvestiteM-bM-^@M-^] cells that swap the pheromone, pheromone receptor, and pheromone processing factors of one mating type for another. These cells can mate with each other, but their mating is inefficient. By characterizing their mating defects and examining their transcriptomes, we found Afb1 (a-factor barrier), a novel MATM-NM-1-specific protein that interferes with a-factor, the pheromone secreted by MATa cells. We show that strong pheromone secretion is essential for efficient mating and that the weak mating of transvestites can be improved by boosting their pheromone production. Using synthetic biology, it is possible to characterize the factors that control efficiency in biological processes. In the case of budding yeast mating, selection for increased mating efficiency is likely to have continually boosted pheromone levels and the ability to discriminate between partners who make more (potentially fitter) and less (potentially less fit) pheromones. This sensitivity to which partner makes more pheromone comes at a cost: it means mating is not robust in situations where all potential partners make less pheromone. 4 conditions were analysed, each with 3 biological replicates. The conditions were unstimulated MATa cells in YPD. Stimulated MATa cells in YPD+10nM M-NM-1-factor. Unstimulated MATM-NM-1 cells in YPD. Stimulated MATM-NM-1 cells in YPD+10nM M-NM-1-factor.
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Project description:Modes of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms are highly diversified. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes a phenotypic switch from the white to the opaque phase in order to become mating-competent. In this study, we report that functionally and morphologically differentiated white and opaque cells show a coordinating behavior in the process of mating. Although white cells are mating-incompetent, they are induced to produce sexual pheromones when treated with opposite pheromones or interacted with opaque cells of an opposite mating type. In a co-culture system, pheromones released by white cells induce opaque cells to form mating projections and thus facilitate both opposite- and same-sex mating of opaque cells. Deletion of genes encoding the pheromone precursor proteins and inactivation of the pheromone response signaling pathway (Ste2-MAPK-Cph1) impair the promoting role of white cells (MTLa) in sexual mating of opaque cells. White and opaque cells communicate via a paracrine pheromone signaling and thus create an environment conducive to sexual mating. This coordination behavior of the two different cell types may be a trade-off strategy between sexual and asexual lifestyles in C. albicans. total RNA profiles of white cell treated with pheromone
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Project description:Transcriptome changes associated with mating interactions were performed in order to identify signaling components and targets of pheromone response. Two monokaryons (S. commune 12-43 and 4-39), a dikaryon (W22 x 12-43), both semi-compatible mating interactions (Aon: W22 x 4-39; Bon, flat: W21 x 4-39), and different S. commune pheromone receptor recipient strains (Vbar2f, Vbar2t) were analyzed for that purpose. In addition, a S. commune strain showing the thin-phenotype (W22-thin) was investigated to figure out the role of Thn1 in mating. With microarray analysis mRNA expression in different mating interactions of the basidiomycete S. commune was analyzed. Genes which show regulation in the comparison of the two monokaryons 12-43 and 4-39 has been eliminated from other comparisons as strain specific differences. Two biological or technical replicate samples were analyzed for each condition.
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