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YAP Inhibition in HCC cells (Hep3B)

ABSTRACT: siRNA-mediated inhibition compared to untreated cells and cells transfected with nonsense siRNA. Loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth are hallmarks of cancer cells. In this context, frequent inactivation of the Hippo pathway and subsequent nuclear enrichment of the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) uncouple cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis from contact inhibition, associated with uncontrolled tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. However, general molecular mechanisms of tumor-supporting YAP activity remain unclear. In this study, we show that overexpression and nuclear accumulation of YAP in hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells leads to an induction of the Notch pathways through transcriptional activation of the Notch ligand jagged-1 (Jag-1). This induction of Jag-1 strictly depends on binding of YAP to TEAD4 and does not rely on WNT/β-catenin pathway activity. Co-activation of YAP, TEAD4, Jag-1, and the Notch target gene Hes-1 was significantly higher in HCC from patients with poor prognosis. High-level expression and nuclear accumulation of YAP correlates with Jag-1/Notch activation not only in human HCC tissues, but also in colon and pancreatic cancer tissues. Thus, our data demonstrate that YAP-driven co-activation of the Jag-1/Notch pathway in part facilitates oncogenic properties of the oncogene YAP not only in HCC but also in different gastrointestinal malignancies. Expression profiling of untreated HCC cell lines (control 1), cells transfected with scrambled/nonsense siRNA (control 2), and after siRNA-mediated YAP inhibition.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Carsten Sticht

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-35004 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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YAP Inhibition in HCC cells (Hep3B)

Project description:siRNA-mediated inhibition compared to untreated cells and cells transfected with nonsense siRNA. Loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth are hallmarks of cancer cells. In this context, frequent inactivation of the Hippo pathway and subsequent nuclear enrichment of the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) uncouple cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis from contact inhibition, associated with uncontrolled tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. However, general molecular mechanisms of tumor-supporting YAP activity remain unclear. In this study, we show that overexpression and nuclear accumulation of YAP in hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells leads to an induction of the Notch pathways through transcriptional activation of the Notch ligand jagged-1 (Jag-1). This induction of Jag-1 strictly depends on binding of YAP to TEAD4 and does not rely on WNT/β-catenin pathway activity. Co-activation of YAP, TEAD4, Jag-1, and the Notch target gene Hes-1 was significantly higher in HCC from patients with poor prognosis. High-level expression and nuclear accumulation of YAP correlates with Jag-1/Notch activation not only in human HCC tissues, but also in colon and pancreatic cancer tissues. Thus, our data demonstrate that YAP-driven co-activation of the Jag-1/Notch pathway in part facilitates oncogenic properties of the oncogene YAP not only in HCC but also in different gastrointestinal malignancies.

2012-11-01 | GSE35004 | GEO

FIR inhibition in HCC cells (Hep3B)

Project description:siRNA-mediated inhibition compared to untreated cells and cells transfected with nonsense siRNA Together with far upstream element binding protein (FBP), the FBP-interacting repressor (FIR) represents a molecular tool for the transcriptional fine tune regulation of target genes. Previous evidence indicates that strong overexpression of FBP in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) supports tumor growth and correlates with poor patient prognosis. However, the role of the transcriptional repressor FIR in hepatocarcinogenesis remains poorly delineated. We show that overexpression of FIR correlates with tumor dedifferentiation and tumor cell proliferation in about 60% of primary HCCs. Elevated FIR levels are associated with genomic gains of the fir gene locus at chromosome 8q24.3 in human HCC specimens. In vitro, nuclear enrichment of FIR supports HCC cell proliferation and migration. Expression profiling of HCC cells after siRNA-mediated silencing of FIR identified the transcription factor DP-1 (TFDP1) as a transcriptional target of FIR. Surprisingly, FIR stimulates the expression of FBP in a TFDP1/E2F-dependent manner. FIR splice variants lacking or containing exon 2 and/or exon 5 are expressed in the majority of HCCs. Specific inhibition of FIR isoforms with and without exon 2 revealed that all FIR splice variants facilitate tumor-supporting effects. This finding was confirmed in xenograft transplantation experiments with lentiviral-infected shRNA targeting all FIR variants as well as FIR with and without exon 2. In summary, high-level nuclear FIR does not facilitate repressor properties but supports tumor growth in HCC cells. Thus, the pharmacological inhibition of FIR might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. Expression profiling of cells transfected with scrambled/nonsense siRNA (control), and after siRNA-mediated FIR inhibition.

2014-09-03 | E-GEOD-55692 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Impact of Verteporfin on HCC cells

Project description:Together with TEAD4 the Hippo pathway effector YAP stimulates chromosomal instability. Verteporfin is known to disrupt the physical YAP/TEAD interaction and tehrefore might prevent from chromosomal instability in liver cancer. Immortalized HCC cell line hepG2 is treated with Verteporfin for 24 hours.

2016-02-11 | E-GEOD-73396 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A splicing switch of TEAD4 regulates Hippo-YAP signaling pathway to inhibit tumor proliferation

Project description:Splicing dysregulations extensively occur in cancers, yet the biological consequences of such alterations are mostly undefined. Here we report that the Hippo-YAP signaling, a key pathway that regulates cell proliferation and organ size, is under control of a new splicing switch. We show that TEAD4, the transcription factor that mediates Hippo-YAP signaling, undergoes alternative splicing facilitated by the tumor suppressor RBM4, producing a truncated isoform, TEAD4-S, which lacks N-terminal DNA-binding domain but maintains YAP-interaction domain. TEAD4-S is located in both nucleus and cytoplasm, acting as a dominant negative isoform to YAP activity. Consistently, TEAD4-S is reduced in cancer cells, and its re-expression suppresses cancer cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, TEAD4-S is reduced in human cancers, and patients with elevated TEAD4-S levels have improved survival. Altogether these data reveal a novel RBM4-mediated splicing switch that serves to fine-tune Hippo-YAP pathway. Cell lines stably expressing YAP, YAP/TEAD4-S, YAP/TEAD4-FL, YAP/RBM4 and control vector were created, and the total RNA was purified from the cells using TRIzol reagents. The polyadenylated RNAs were purified for construction of sequencing library using kapa TruSeq Total RNA Sample Prep kits (UNC High Throughput Sequencing Facility).

2016-06-16 | E-GEOD-80372 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A comprehensive enhancer screen identifies TRAM2 as a key mediator of YAP oncogenesis

Project description:Frequent activation of the co-transcriptional factor YAP is observed in a large number of solid tumors. Activated-YAP associates with enhancer loci via TEAD4-DNA-binding protein, and stimulates cancer aggressiveness. Although thousands of YAP/TEAD4 binding-sites were annotated, their functional importance is unknow. Here, we implemented a genetic approach to uncover functions of YAP/TEAD4-associated enhancers, demonstrated its robustness, and used it to reveal a network of enhancers required for YAP-mediated proliferation. We focused on Enhancer TRAM2, as its target gene TRAM2 showed the strongest expression-correlation with YAP in nearly all tumor types. Interestingly, TRAM2 phenocopied YAP-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion phenotypes, and correlated with poor patient survival. Mechanistically, we identified FSTL-1 as a major direct client of TRAM2 that is involved in these phenotypes. Thus, TRAM2 is a key novel mediator of YAP-induced oncogenic proliferation and cellular invasiveness.

2021-01-14 | PXD018559 | Pride

Gene expression profiling of effect of Yap inhibition in a genetically engineered mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma

Project description:Defective Hippo/YAP signaling in the liver results in tissue overgrowth and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we uncover mechanisms of YAP-mediated hepatocyte reprogramming and HCC pathogenesis. We show that YAP functions as a rheostat maintaining metabolic specialization, differentiation and quiescence within the hepatocyte compartment. Importantly, treatment with siRNA-lipid nanoparticles (siRNA-LNPs) targeting YAP restores hepatocyte differentiation and causes pronounced tumor regression in a genetically engineered mouse HCC model (mice with liver-specific Mst1/Mst2 double knockout). Furthermore, YAP targets are enriched in an aggressive human HCC subtype characterized by a proliferative signature and absence of CTNNB1 mutations. Thus, our work reveals Hippo signaling as a key regulator of positional identity of hepatocytes, supports targeting YAP using siRNA-LNPs as a paradigm of differentiation-based therapy, and identifies an HCC subtype potentially responsive to this approach. Mice with liver-specific Mst1/Mst2 double-knockout (Adeno-Cre injected Mst1-/-; Mst2Flox/Flox mice) were monitored for the formation of HCC by ultrasound imaging. Animals were then randomized to be treated by intravenous injection of either siYap-LNPs or siLuciferase-LNPs for a period of 9 days.

2015-03-07 | E-GEOD-65665 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression profiling of Sk-Hep1 after PAI-1 silencing (RNAi)

Project description:Methods: To investigate how tumor cell-derived YAP is changing the paracrine communication network between tumor cells and non-tumorous cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were analyzed in transgenic mice with liver-specific and inducible expression of constitutively active YAP (YAPS127A). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed using primary isolated hepatocytes and blood plasma. In vitro, RNAinterference (RNAi), expression profiling, functional analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of YAP and the transcription factor TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) were performed using immortalized cell lines. Findings were confirmed in cohorts of HCC patients at the transcript and protein levels. Results: YAP overexpression induced the expression and secretion of many paracrine-acting factors with potential impact on other tumorous or non-tumorous cells (e.g. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), CXCL16). Expression analyses of human HCC patients showed an overexpression of PAI-1 in human HCC tissues and a correlation with poor overall survival as well as early cancer recurrence. PAI-1 statistically correlated with genes typically induced by YAP, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) or YAP-dependent gene signatures (CIN4/25). In vitro, YAP inhibition diminished the expression and secretion of PAI-1 in murine and human liver cancer cell lines. PAI-1 affects the expression of genes involved in proliferation as well as cellular senescence and oncogene-induced senescence was confirmed in YAPS127A transgenic mice. Silencing of TEAD4 as well as treatment with the YAP/TEAD interfering substance Verteporfin reduced PAI-1 expression. ChIP analyses confirmed the binding of YAP and TEAD4 to the gene promoter of PAI-1 (SERPINE1).

2020-10-28 | GSE150796 | GEO

Gene expression profiling of effect of Yap inhibition in a genetically engineered mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma

2015-03-07 | GSE65665 | GEO

FIR inhibition in HCC cells (Hep3B)

2014-09-03 | GSE55692 | GEO

Trascriptional profile of BRAF inhibitor-resistant SKMEL28 and WM3248 melanoma cells and changes upon YAP/TAZ siRNA knockdown

Project description:The activation of transcriptional coactivators YAP and its paralog TAZ has been shown to promote resistance to anti-cancer therapies. YAP/TAZ activity is tightly coupled to actin cytoskeleton architecture. However, the influence of actin remodeling on cancer drug resistance remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a pivotal role of actin remodeling in YAP/TAZ-dependent BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells. Melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 exhibit an increase in actin stress fiber formation, which appears to promote the nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ. Knockdown of YAP/TAZ overcomes PLX4032 resistance, whereas overexpression of constitutively active YAP induces resistance. Moreover, inhibition of actin polymerization and cytoskeletal tension in melanoma cells suppresses both YAP/TAZ activation and PLX4032 resistance. Our siRNA library screening identifies actin dynamics regulator TESK1 as a novel vulnerable point of the YAP/TAZ-dependent resistance pathway. These results suggest that inhibition of actin remodeling is a promising synthetic lethal strategy to suppress resistance in BRAF inhibitor therapies.

2015-11-18 | GSE68599 | GEO

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