Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Physiological and transcriptional response of Bacillus cereus treated with low-temperature nitrogen gas plasma

ABSTRACT: Aims: To investigate the inactivation kinetics of Bacillus cereus vegetative cells upon exposure to low-temperature nitrogen gas plasma and to reveal the mode of inactivation by transcriptome profiling. Methods and results: Exponentially growing B. cereus cells were filtered and put on agar plates. The plates, carrying the filters with the vegetative cells, were placed into nitrogen gas plasma at atmospheric pressure and cold temperature (~37°C). After different exposure times the cells were harvested for RNA extraction and enumeration. The RNA was used to perform whole transcriptome profiling using DNA microarrays. The transcriptome profile showed a large overlap with profiles obtained from conditions generating reactive oxygen species inside B. cereus. However, excess radicals such as peroxynitrite, hydroxyl and or superoxide were not found. Conclusions: Antibacterial activity of nitrogen gas plasmas is not based on UV radiation but on the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in the plasma jet rather than inside the targeted cells. Significance and impact of the study: This study represents the ﬁrst investigation of differential gene expression on a genome-wide scale in B. cereus following nitrogen gas plasma exposure. This study may help to design cheap, safe, and effective plasma decontamination devices. Plasma treated sampes compared with nitrogen gas flow treated samples and plasma treated samples compared to untreated control samples. Nitrogen flow samples in duplicate, plasma treated samples 4 replicates. Replicates hybridized with dyes swapped.

ORGANISM(S): Bacillus cereus

SUBMITTER: Maarten Mols

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-35060 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment and capable of causing food-borne infections in susceptible individuals. In this study, we investigated the cell envelope stress response in L. monocytogenes. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was performed to investigate the response upon exposure to the cell wall antibiotic cefuroxime. Differential expression (≥ 2-fold difference) of 558 genes was observed, corresponding to 20% of the L. monocytogenes genome. The majority of genes strongly induced by cefuroxime exposure have cell envelope-related functions, including the dlt-operon, genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins, and members from the LiaRS regulon. The virulence-associated genes dacA and lmo2714 were up-regulated upon cefuroxime exposure, whereas PrfA-regulated virulence genes, required for invasion and intracellular replication, were repressed. A large overlap was observed between the cefuroxime stimulon and genes known to be induced in L. monocytogenes in blood and during intracellular infection, indicating that the cell envelope stress response is active at various stages of the infectious process. Genes involved in stress tolerance (htrA, ctc) and signal transduction (lisRK) were also found among the highly up-regulated genes. We analysed the roles of the two-component systems LisRK and CesRK, showing that activation of the most highly cefuroxime-induced genes was LisR- and CesR-dependent. Using genetic analyses, we showed that several genes of the cefuroxime stimulon contribute to the innate resistance of L. monocytogenes to cefuroxime and tolerance to other cell envelope-perturbing conditions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate central roles for LisRK and CesRK in orchestrating the cell envelope stress response in L. monocytogenes. Cefuroxime induced expression was measured in the wildtype, lisR deletion mutant and, cesR deletion mutant after 60 minutes of exposure and compared to unexposed control samples. Multiple technical and biological replicates where analyzed with or without the dyes-swapped.

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Physiological and transcriptional response of Bacillus cereus treated with low-temperature nitrogen gas plasma

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