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The effects of infection with wild-type or mutant cucumber mosaic virus on the Arabidopsis transcriptome

ABSTRACT: The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b counter-defense protein disrupts plant antiviral mechanisms mediated by RNA silencing and salicylic acid (SA). Using NASC ATH-1 microarrays to investigate defensive gene expression in 2b-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants we found that, surprisingly, 2b inhibited expression of few SA-regulated genes and in some instances enhanced the effect of SA on certain genes. Strikingly, the 2b protein inhibited changes in the expression of 90% of genes regulated by jasmonic acid (NASCARRAYS-415: Lewsey et al. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. vol. 23, in press). We will extend this work to understand the effects of the 2b protein on plant gene expression during an authentic viral infection. By comparing the effects on the transcriptome of infection by wild-type CMV and the 2b gene deletion mutant, CMVÃ¢Ëâ 2b, we will reveal not only the influence of the 2b protein but also the effects of its interactions with other viral gene products (and the process of infection itself), on the host transcriptome. 9 samples were used in this experiment

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

SUBMITTER: nasc nasc

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-37921 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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The effects of infection with wild-type or mutant cucumber mosaic virus on the Arabidopsis transcriptome

Project description:The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b counter-defense protein disrupts plant antiviral mechanisms mediated by RNA silencing and salicylic acid (SA). Using NASC ATH-1 microarrays to investigate defensive gene expression in 2b-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants we found that, surprisingly, 2b inhibited expression of few SA-regulated genes and in some instances enhanced the effect of SA on certain genes. Strikingly, the 2b protein inhibited changes in the expression of 90% of genes regulated by jasmonic acid (NASCARRAYS-415: Lewsey et al. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. vol. 23, in press). We will extend this work to understand the effects of the 2b protein on plant gene expression during an authentic viral infection. By comparing the effects on the transcriptome of infection by wild-type CMV and the 2b gene deletion mutant, CMVÃ¢Ëâ 2b, we will reveal not only the influence of the 2b protein but also the effects of its interactions with other viral gene products (and the process of infection itself), on the host transcriptome.

2012-05-15 | GSE37921 | GEO

Virus-derived siRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:We investigated the role of A. thaliana RDRs in the RNAi-mediated viral immunity by using a mutant of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that does not express the VSR protein 2b. CMV contains three positive-strand genomic RNAs and the 2b protein encoded by RNA2 is essential for infection by suppressing antiviral silencing initiated by either DCL4 or DCL2. Our results demonstrate an essential role for the amplification of viral siRNAs by either RDR1 or RDR6 in antiviral silencing. Further analyses, including Illumina sequencing of more than 3.5 million viral siRNAs, indicated target specificity of the two antiviral RDRs.

2010-01-20 | GSE19965 | GEO

Small RNAs from Arabidopsis plants infected with CMV-?2b

Project description:We focused our analyses on the description of viral (CMV-?2b) and, based on genetic and molecular evidence, classified them and discussed their relevance in antiviral defense. Small RNAs from Arabidopsis plants from different genetic backgrounds infected with (CMV-?2b) were sequenced before or after immunoprecipitation with antibodies against key proteins involved in antiviral defense.

2012-03-01 | E-GEOD-27477 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Small RNAs from Arabidopsis plants infected with CMV-∆2b

Project description:We focused our analyses on the description of viral (CMV-∆2b) and, based on genetic and molecular evidence, classified them and discussed their relevance in antiviral defense.

2012-03-01 | GSE27477 | GEO

Reprogramming of RNA silencing triggered by Cucumber Mosaic Virus infection in Arabidopsis

Project description:RNA silencing has an important role mediating sequence-specific virus resistance. Here, we analyzed in detail the interference of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) with the RNA silencing machinery of Arabidopsis thaliana. We detected that CMV infection induced the production of viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) that account for a significant part of the sRNome affecting the levels of other sRNA classes. Furthermore, we analyzed the incorporation of vsiRNAs into the main ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins with a described antiviral role and the viral RNA silencing suppressor (VRS) 2b, by combining protein immunoprecipitation with sRNA high-throughput sequencing. vsiRNAs accumulated to high levels in AGO2, followed by AGO1, AGO5 and AGO7. Interestingly, vsiRNAs represented a significant percentage of AGO-loaded sRNAs and displaced other endogenous sRNAs. As a countermeasure, the VSR 2b loaded vsiRNAs and mRNA-derived siRNAs, which affected the expression of the genes they derived from. Additionally, we analyzed how vsiRNAs incorporated into the endogenous RNA silencing pathways by exploring their target mRNAs using parallel analysis of RNA end (PARE) sequencing. This strategy allowed us to identify 61 genes with degradome data supporting their vsiRNA-mediated cleavage. This work exemplifies the complex relationship of RNA viruses with the endogenous RNA silencing machinery and the multiple aspects of virus resistance and virulence that this interaction induces.

2021-12-01 | GSE169677 | GEO

Human Otic progenitor cell models of congenital hearing loss applied to to Zika virus and cytomegalovirus infections

Project description:Congenital hearing loss is a common chronic condition affecting children in both developed and developing nations. In many cases, congenital hearing loss is ultimately attributed to viral infection, most often by cytomegalovirus (CMV), but also in Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). The mechanisms by which CMV and ZIKV virus cause these cranial developmental defects have not been elucidated. Inner ear development has been particularly difficult to study, given the inaccessibility and scarcity of the tissue in animal models or on human autopsy; however, it is now possible to culture stem-cell derived otic progenitor cells (OPCs). Here we describe successful in-vitro infection of OPCs with either CMV or ZIKV. We find that ZIKV infection rapidly and strongly induces the expression of type I IFN and inflammatory genes, while simultaneously decreasing otic cell viability in culture that is at least in part attributable to apoptosis. In contrast, CMV infection did not appear to elicit either of these effects and instead demonstrated a clear dysregulation of the expression of many key genes and pathways associated with inner ear development and function, including Cochlin, NGFR, SOX11 and TGF-β signaling. These findings suggest that ZIKV and CMV infections cause congenital hearing loss through very different pathways; that is, by killing progenitor cells in the case of ZIKV infection, and via disruption of critical developmental pathways in the case of CMV infection. In addition to demonstrating differential hCMV and ZIKV pathogenesis mechanisms in OPCs, this study highlights the advantages of otic progenitor cell models for the study of congenital hearing loss induced by viral infection.

2024-01-18 | GSE234062 | GEO

Rhesus placenta transcriptome in the setting of congenital RhCMV infection

Project description:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide, causing deafness and neurodevelopmental delay in infected infants. Preexisting maternal immunity to CMV is known to influence the incidence and severity of congenital infection. To establish the role of maternal antibody in protection against placental CMV transmission, 6 rhesus CMV (RhCMV)-seronegative rhesus monkey dams were CD4+ T cell depleted at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy and treated with either a single dose of standardly-produced hyperimmune globulin (HIG) (n=3) or a dose-optimized regimen of a potently-neutralizing HIG (n=3) prior to IV inoculation with a mixture of RhCMV strains. Passive infusion with HIG provided complete protection against fetal loss (0/6 HIG-treated vs. 5/6 control dams aborted; p=0.015). Furthermore, the dose-optimized, highly-neutralizing HIG product reduced the magnitude and diversity of maternal plasma RhCMV populations and inhibited placental transmission of RhCMV (0/3 transmitted), suggesting that pre-existing highly-neutralizing antibodies are sufficient to prevent congenital CMV infection and disease. In this study, we sought to investigate the placental transcriptome to determine whether: a) RhCMV congenital infection was being controlled at the level of the placenta, b) what genes are up-regulated following RhCMV congenital infection, and c) whether there are any genes associated with protection against viral infection.

2016-09-28 | GSE87395 | GEO

CMV infection induces a rapid and sustained change in the expression of Natural Killer Cell Receptors on CD8+ T Cells

Project description:The CD8+ T cell compartment of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive individuals characteristically contains a high proportion of cells that expresses Natural Killer Cell Receptors (NKR) which may contribute to the surveillance of virus-infected cells. To test if this enhanced expression is a direct and immediate result of CMV infection we used DNA microarrays to analyse putative changes in RNA-expression level of 39 NKRs in CMV-specific CD8+ T cells of renal transplant recipients experiencing primary CMV infection. Already in the acute phase of infection 29 NKRs were induced of which 19 remained high 1 year after cessation of viral replication. Activating and inhibitory NKRs were induced to a similar extent. Detailed longitudinal flowcytometric analyses confirmed NKR changes at the protein level. Strikingly, a strong induction of CD94 on CD3+ T cells was observed with surface expression of activating CD94dimNKG2C dimers appearing before inhibitory CD94brightNKG2A ones. After the acute phase of infection, the balance between inhibitory and activating receptors did not change. Thus, CMV infection induces a rapid and lasting change in the expression of NK receptors on human CD8+ T cells. Keywords: primary cytomegalovirus infection, human, CD8+ T cells, NKR, latent infection, chronic infection

2008-08-28 | GSE12589 | GEO

Plant microRNA profiling of Honeysuckle and Honeysuckle Decoction

Project description:Influenza A viruses (IAVs), particularly H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9, pose a substantial threat to public health worldwide. Here, we report that MIR2911, a honeysuckle (HS)-encoded atypical microRNA, directly targets IAVs with a broad spectrum. MIR2911 is highly stable in HS decoction, and continuous drinking or gavage feeding of HS decoction leads to a significant elevation of the MIR2911 level in mouse peripheral blood and lung. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase reporter assay showed that MIR2911 could target various IAVs, including H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9. Synthetic MIR2911 significantly inhibited H1N1-encoded PB2 and NS1 protein expression but did not affect mutants in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences were altered. Synthetic MIR2911, extracted RNA from HS decoction and HS decoction all significantly inhibited H1N1 viral replication and improved viral infection-induced mouse weight loss but did not affect infection with a mutant virus in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences of PB2 and NS1 were altered. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of HS decoction on viral replication was abolished by an anti-MIR2911 antagomir, indicating that the physiological concentration of MIR2911 in HS decoction could directly and sufficiently suppress H1N1 viral replication. MIR2911 also inhibited H5N1 and H7N9 viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, administration of MIR2911 or HS decoction both dramatically reduced mouse mortality caused by H5N1 infection. Our results demonstrate that MIR2911 is the first active component identified in Traditional Chinese Medicine to directly target various IAVs and may represent a novel type of natural product that effectively suppresses viral infection. Screening and profiling of known plant microRNA in HS and HS decoction

2014-10-22 | E-GEOD-55268 | biostudies-arrayexpress

CMV infection induces a rapid and sustained change in the expression of Natural Killer Cell Receptors on CD8+ T Cells

2008-08-28 | E-GEOD-12589 | biostudies-arrayexpress