Gene expression profiling of Nodal versus Activin-derived endoderm from mouse ES cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Alice Chen
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-41086 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Similar Datasets
Project description:To explore the molecular basis of functional differences observed between Nodal versus Activin-derived endoderm, we compared their respective gene expression profiles. Sox17-GFP mouse ES cells were differentiated in the presence of Nodal or Activin for 7 days, after which GFP(+) cells were purified by FACs. Undifferentiated ES cells were also included for comparison as a control. Results indicate that the two endoderm populations are nearly identical at the level of global transcription. Subtle differences suggest a difference in the degree of endoderm progression.
2013-01-01 | GSE41086 | GEO
Project description:Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) herald tremendous promise for the production of clinically useful cell types for the treatment of injury and disease. Numerous reports demonstrate their differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE) cells, the germ layer from which pancreatic β cells and hepatocytes arise, solely from exposure to a high dose of recombinant Activin/Nodal. Here, we show that combining a second related ligand, BMP4, in combination with Activin A yields 15 to 20% more DE as compared to Activin A alone. The addition of recombinant BMP4 accelerates the downregulation of pluripotency factors, particularly SOX2, and results in upregulation of endogenous BMP2 and BMP4, which in turn leads to elevated levels of phospho-SMAD1/5/8 over the next three days of differentiation. Combined Activin A and BMP4 treatment also leads to an increase in the expression of DE genes CXCR4, SOX17 and FOXA2 when compared to Activin A addition alone. Comparative microarray studies between DE cells harvested on day 3 of differentiation further reveal a novel set of genes upregulated in response to initial BMP4 exposure. Several of these, including APLNR, LRIG3, MCC and LZTS1, are expressed either in the mouse primitive streak, the site of DE formation, or in nascent DE itself. Thus, this synergism between Activin A and BMP4 during the in vitro differentiation of HESC into DE suggests a complex interplay between BMP and Activin/Nodal signaling during the in vivo allocation and expansion of the endoderm lineage. 3 biological replicates of 3-day ActivinA treated HES3 human stem cell culture were compared to 3-day ActivinA+Bmp4 treated HES3 human stem cell culture and observed for differential genes expression
2011-11-10 | E-GEOD-30630 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mouse embryonic stem cells containing a Sox17-GFP construct were differentiated using growth factors (Activin A and Wnt3A) to definitive endoderm. Sox17-GFP(+) cells were sorted using fluorescence activated cell sorting and either used for total RNA harvest OR continued in culture in the presence of primary pancreatic mesenchymal cell lines. At the end of 6 serial passages on mesenchyme, the Sox17-GFP(+) cells were again sorted and the RNA was harvested for arrays. Samples were prepared as described in summary, with technical duplicates for each of the following 3 categories: 1. Unpassaged (P0) endoderm, 2. Endoderm passaged 6 times (P6) on mesenchyme 1, and 3. Endoderm passaged 6 times (P6) on mesenchyme 2.
2011-01-12 | E-GEOD-25337 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nodal and Activin are morphogens of the TGFbeta superfamily of signaling molecules that direct differential cell fate decisions in a dose- and distance-dependent manner. During early embryonic development the Nodal/Activin pathway is responsible for the specification of mesoderm, endoderm, node and mesendoderm. In contradiction to this drive towards cellular differentiation, the pathway also plays important roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic and epiblast stem cells. The molecular basis behind stem cell interpretation of Nodal/Activin signaling gradients and the undertaking of disparate cell fate decisions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that any perturbation of endogenous signaling levels in mouse ES cells leads to their exit from self renewal towards divergent differentiation programs. Increasing Nodal signals above basal levels by direct stimulation with Activin promotes differentiation towards the mesendodermal lineages while repression of signaling with the specific Nodal/Activin receptor inhibitor SB431542 induces trophectodermal differentiation. To address how quantitative Nodal/Activin signals are translated qualitatively into distinct cell fates decisions, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of phospho-Smad2 the primary downstream transcriptional factor of the Nodal/Activin pathway followed by massively parallel sequencing and show that phospho-Smad2 binds to and regulates distinct subsets of target genes in a dose-dependent manner. Crucially, Nodal/Activin signaling directly controls the Oct4 master regulator of pluripotency by graded phospho-Smad2 binding in the promoter region. Hence stem cells interpret and carry out differential Nodal/Activin signaling instructions via a corresponding gradient of Smad2 phosphorylation that selectively titrates self-renewal against alternative differentiation programs by direct regulation of distinct target gene subsets and Oct4 expression. Four biological replicates consisting of 4 different passages of E14TG2a ES cells at P20, P21, P23 and P24
2011-06-30 | E-GEOD-23239 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mouse embryonic stem cells containing a Sox17-GFP construct were differentiated using growth factors (Activin A and Wnt3A) to definitive endoderm. Sox17-GFP(+) cells were sorted using fluorescence activated cell sorting and either used for total RNA harvest OR continued in culture in the presence of primary pancreatic mesenchymal cell lines. At the end of 6 serial passages on mesenchyme, the Sox17-GFP(+) cells were again sorted and the RNA was harvested for arrays.
2011-01-12 | GSE25337 | GEO
Project description:A conserved molecular pathway has emerged controlling endoderm formation in Xenopus zebrafish and mice. Key genes in this pathway include Nodal ligands and transcription factors of the Mix-like paired homeodomain class, Gata4-6 zinc finger factors and Sox17 HMG domain proteins. While a linear epistatic pathway has been proposed, the precise hierarchical relationships between these factors and their downstream targets are largely unresolved. Here we used a combination of microarray analysis and loss-of-function experiments to examine the global regulatory network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation. We identified over 300 transcripts enriched in the gastrula endoderm, including most of the known endoderm regulators as well as over a hundred uncharacterized genes. Surprisingly only 10% of the endoderm transcriptome is regulated as predicted by the current linear model. We find that Nodals, Mixer and Sox17 have both shared and distinct sets of downstream targets and that a number of unexpected autoregulatory loops exist between Sox17 and Gata4-6, Sox17 and Bix1, 2, 4 and between Sox17 and Xnr4. We find that Mixer does not function primarily via Sox17 as previously proposed. This data provides a new insight into the complexity of endoderm formation and will serve as valuable resource for establishing a complete endoderm gene regulatory network. Experiment Overall Design: Define a set of transcripts with enriched expression in the gastrula endoderm of the Xenopus laevis embryo and determine how these are regulated by nodal signaling, Mixer and Sox17 using loss-of-function experiments. For more specific details see Sinner et al., (2006) Global analysis of the transcriptional network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation.
2007-10-05 | E-GEOD-4448 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nodal and Activin are morphogens of the TGFbeta superfamily of signaling molecules that direct differential cell fate decisions in a dose- and distance-dependent manner. During early embryonic development the Nodal/Activin pathway is responsible for the specification of mesoderm, endoderm, node and mesendoderm. In contradiction to this drive towards cellular differentiation, the pathway also plays important roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic and epiblast stem cells. The molecular basis behind stem cell interpretation of Nodal/Activin signaling gradients and the undertaking of disparate cell fate decisions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that any perturbation of endogenous signaling levels in mouse ES cells leads to their exit from self renewal towards divergent differentiation programs. Increasing Nodal signals above basal levels by direct stimulation with Activin promotes differentiation towards the mesendodermal lineages while repression of signaling with the specific Nodal/Activin receptor inhibitor SB431542 induces trophectodermal differentiation. To address how quantitative Nodal/Activin signals are translated qualitatively into distinct cell fates decisions, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of phospho-Smad2 the primary downstream transcriptional factor of the Nodal/Activin pathway followed by massively parallel sequencing and show that phospho-Smad2 binds to and regulates distinct subsets of target genes in a dose-dependent manner. Crucially, Nodal/Activin signaling directly controls the Oct4 master regulator of pluripotency by graded phospho-Smad2 binding in the promoter region. Hence stem cells interpret and carry out differential Nodal/Activin signaling instructions via a corresponding gradient of Smad2 phosphorylation that selectively titrates self-renewal against alternative differentiation programs by direct regulation of distinct target gene subsets and Oct4 expression.
2011-06-30 | GSE23239 | GEO
Project description:The Nodal/Activin morphogens are secreted signaling molecules that form concentration gradients during early embryogenesis providing stem cells with positional information and differentiation instructions important for embryonic patterning. The molecular basis driving stem cell interpretation of signaling gradients and the undertaking of distinct cell fate decisions remains poorly understood. We show that perturbation of endogenous Nodal/Activin signaling in ES cells leads to exit from self renewal towards mesendodermal differentiation at high signaling and trophectoderm induction during low signaling. ChIP-seq of Phospho-Smad2, the downstream transcription factor of the Nodal/Activin pathway reveals binding to distinct subsets of target genes in a dose dependent manner including the promoter region of the Oct4 master regulator of stemness. Consequently, both Oct4 mRNA and protein levels are directly driven by graded Nodal/Activin signaling. Hence stem cells interpret and carry out differential Nodal/Activin signaling instructions via a corresponding gradient of Smad2 phosphorylation that selectively titers self renewal against alternative differentiation programs. 3 pSmad2 ChIP samples corresponding to ES cells pretreated for 6 hours in 10uM SB followed by 18 hours in 25ng/ml Activin, 1/5000 DMSO and 10uM SB in 20% KSR media. Controls include the corresponding input DNA for each treatment.
2011-01-31 | E-GEOD-23581 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Activin/Nodal signalling is necessary to maintain pluripotency of human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and to induce their differentiation towards endoderm. However, the mechanisms by which Activin/Nodal signalling achieves these opposite functions remain unclear. To unravel these mechanisms, we examined the transcriptional network controlled in hESCs by Smad2 and Smad3 which represent the direct effectors of Activin/Nodal signalling. These analyses reveal that Smad2/3 participate in the control of the core transcriptional network characterising pluripotency which includes Oct-4, Nanog, FoxD3, Dppa4, Tert, Myc and UTF-1. In addition, similar experiments performed on endoderm cells confirm that a broad part of the transcriptional network directing differentiation is downstream of Smad2/3. Therefore, Activin/Nodal signalling appears to control divergent transcriptional networks in hESCs and in endoderm. Importantly, we observed an overlap between the transcriptional network downstream of Nanog and Smad2/3 in hESCs while functional studies showed that both factors cooperate to control the expression of pluripotency genes. Therefore, the effect of Activin/Nodal signalling on pluripotency and differentiation could be dictated by tissue specific Smad2/3 partners such as Nanog, explaining the mechanisms by which signalling pathways can orchestrate divergent cell fate decisions. Identification of Smad2/3 binding sites in pluripotent hESCs. 5 ChIP-Seq samples including 1 input control sample and 4 ChIP samples (two conditions x two replicates).
2011-11-11 | E-GEOD-19461 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Activin/Nodal signalling is necessary to maintain pluripotency of human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and to induce their differentiation towards endoderm. However, the mechanisms by which Activin/Nodal signalling achieves these opposite functions remain unclear. To unravel these mechanisms, we examined the transcriptional network controlled in hESCs by Smad2 and Smad3 which represent the direct effectors of Activin/Nodal signalling. These analyses reveal that Smad2/3 participate in the control of the core transcriptional network characterising pluripotency which includes Oct-4, Nanog, FoxD3, Dppa4, Tert, Myc and UTF-1. In addition, similar experiments performed on endoderm cells confirm that a broad part of the transcriptional network directing differentiation is downstream of Smad2/3. Therefore, Activin/Nodal signalling appears to control divergent transcriptional networks in hESCs and in endoderm. Importantly, we observed an overlap between the transcriptional network downstream of Nanog and Smad2/3 in hESCs while functional studies showed that both factors cooperate to control the expression of pluripotency genes. Therefore, the effect of Activin/Nodal signalling on pluripotency and differentiation could be dictated by tissue specific Smad2/3 partners such as Nanog, explaining the mechanisms by which signalling pathways can orchestrate divergent cell fate decisions.
2011-11-11 | GSE19461 | GEO