Regulation of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. by magnesium is involved in calcium and reactive oxygen species
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
SUBMITTER: Gulei Jin
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-42899 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Similar Datasets
Project description:Root hairs are frequently reported to be plastic in response to nutrient supply, but relatively little is known about their development in response to magnesium (Mg) availability, and evidence is scarce about the signals involved in this process. Here, we showed that both density and length of root hairs of Arabidopsis decreased logarithmically with increasing Mg supply in the media , which correlated with the initiation of new trichoblast files and likelihood of trichoblasts to form hairs. Low Mg resulted in greater concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ in the roots and displayed a stronger tip-focused gradient of ROS and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) during initiation and elongation of root hairs. This gradient could be eliminated by DPI or BAPTA. Application of either DPI or BAPTA to low Mg treatment blocked the enhanced development of root hairs. The opposite was true when the plants under high Mg were supplied with Ca2+ or PMS. Whole-genome transcriptome data revealed that the maximum differential expressed genes involved in ‘stress’, ‘oxidation reduction’, ‘ion transport and homeostasis’ and ‘cell wall organization’. A greater fraction of morphogenetic H-genes and root hair -specific genes as well as genes involved in ‘cell wall structure’ were up-regulated by 7-d treatment of 0.5 μM Mg but down-regulated by 7-d treatment of 10,000 μM Mg. It is concluded that a distinct and previously poorly characterized response of root hair development to Mg availability is presented in Arabidopsis where ROS and Ca2+ are the signaling molecules that control this response.
2012-12-14 | GSE42899 | GEO
Project description:Optimal plant growth is hampered by limiting amounts of the essential macronutrient phosphate in most soils. As a response, plant roots produce root hairs to capture this immobile nutrient. Although vital to high-yielding crops, this response remains poorly understood. By generating and exploiting a high spatial and temporal resolution single cell atlas of the Arabidopsis root, we show a remarkable enrichment of TMO5/LHW target genes in root hair epidermal cells. Moreover, these vascular bHLH factors are sufficient to induce a root hair formation response in the epidermal cells, similar as observed during low phosphate conditions, via the downstream cytokinin signaling. We further show that root hair formation under low phosphate conditions is almost absent when TMO5 function or cytokinin signaling is perturbed. In conclusion, cytokinin signaling links the adaptation of roots under low phosphate conditions in the epidermis to perception in vascular cells.
2020-09-18 | GSE141730 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis thalina seedlings in response to high (140 µM) and low (20 µM) concentrations of chromate (K2CrO4). Low concentrations of chromate (e.g. 40 µM) promoted primary root growth, while high concentrations (e.g. 140 µM) repressed growth and increased formation of root hairs, lateral roots and adventitious roots.
2013-02-21 | GSE44324 | GEO
Project description:Aim: To determine the effect of an AtrbohC mutation on the gene expression pattern in primary root tissue, to identify candidate genes acting downstream of AtrbohC, particularly any encoding antioxidant-related proteins, signal transduction components or proteins known to be required for normal root-hair development. Background: Root-hairs are a model system for investigating plant cell polarity. The root-hair mutant rhd2 (Schiefelbein and Somerville, 1990. Plant Cell, 2:235) has short hairs that burst at their tips, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). RHD2 has been cloned and is identical to AtrbohC (L. Dolan, pers. comm.), which encodes a homologue of the superoxide-generating neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase catalytic subunit gp91phox (Torres et al., 1998. Plant J., 14:365). Superoxide rapidly dismutates to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), suggesting that the rhd2 phenotype may result from reduced H2O2 levels in root-hair cells. Low doses of exogenous antioxidants phenocopy the rhd2 root-hair phenotype in wild-type plants (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished) further supporting a role for H2O2 in root-hair growth. Fluorescent dyes that detect H2O2 show distinct localisation patterns in growing root-hair cells, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). H2O2 may be an important second messenger in plant cell signalling with proposed roles in the development of cotton fibres (Potikha et al., 1999. Plant Physiol., 119: 849) and in ABA-induced stomatal closure (Zhang et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 126: 1438). In cultured Arabidopsis cells H2O2 induces gene expression, including that of a gp91phox homologue, (Desikan et al., 1998. J. Exp. Bot., 49: 1767; Desikan, et al., 2000. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 28: 773; Baxter-Burrell et al., 2002. Science, 296: 2026) and activates a MAP kinase cascade (Desikan et al., 1999. J. Exp Bot., 50: 1863). cDNA microarray technology has been used previously to examine the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during oxidative stress (Desikan et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 127: 159). We wish to investigate the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during root development using the rhd2 mutant. We are currently determining the expression pattern of RHD2. By extracting RNA from the small region of the primary root (for wild-type and rhd2 plants grown in sterile conditions) where root hairs are growing we hope to enrich for root-hair RNAs. This may reveal candidate genes that could be examined more closely at the single-cell level. This approach will provide new insights into the role of H2O2 in root-hair development.
2022-11-21 | E-NASC-54 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Magnesium (Mg) is essential for many biological processes in plant cells and its deficiency causes yield reduction in crop systems. Low Mg status reportedly impacts on photosynthesis, sucrose partitioning and biomass allocation. However, earlier responses to Mg deficiency are scarcely described. Generally, symptoms of nutrient deficiency appear in specific ages of leaves. Therefore, we hypothesised that transcriptional responses to Mg deficiency are different depending on the ages of leaves, and performed a global transcriptomic analysis in two types of leaves; source and sink leaves of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana to reveal the earlier responses to Mg deficiency. The global transcriptomic study revealed that short-term Mg deficiency triggers the expression of defence response genes in sink leaves. In roots, although short-term Mg deficiency enhanced the Mg2+ uptake from the environmnet, transcriptional levels of genes encoding putative Mg2+ transporters in roots were unchanged, suggesting non-transcriptional regulation of Mg2+ uptake in roots.
2020-04-29 | GSE140070 | GEO
Project description:Azospirillum is a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with ability to produce several phytohormones such as auxins, mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The positive interaction of Azospirillum with plants has been simplified and explained through the bacterial capacity to produce IAA. Typical changes on root architecture by promoting the number of lateral roots and hair formation, and reducing the primary root length were established in inoculated plants. These changes increase the root surface improving the water and nutrients acquisition, and thus the growth of the whole plant. The mechanisms by which Azospirillum induces such changes fails to be explained only by the bacterial capacity to produce IAA. In this work, we have evaluated the root architecture and gene expression changes occurred in Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with A. brasilense Az39 and the IAA-deficient mutant (Az39 ipdC-), or treated with exogenous IAA solution to confirm both, the IAA-dependent and IAA-independent Azospirillum´s pathways to promote the root growth. Our results demonstrate the ability of Az39 to modify the primary root development through IAA biosynthesis, while other IAA-independent mechanisms were related to an increase in the lateral roots development and the root hairs number. Jasmonates, ethylene and salicylic acid were increased in the IAA-deficient bacterial treatments, as the ipdC mutant significantly up-regulated transcription of genes enriched of these phytohormones signaling after 7 days. Further, the physical presence of the inactive bacteria (Az39φ) seems to mediate the development of root hairs, a mechanism common to other non-PGPR as E. coli DH5α. Our results suggest that Az39 inoculation induces morphological changes in root architecture through both IAA-dependent and independent mechanism. The IAA biosynthesis by Az39 reduces the primary root length; while the cells contact with the roots increases the root hairs production. Both the synthesis of active IAA and the presence of metabolically active Az39 cells increase the growth and development of lateral roots.
2021-12-24 | GSE192383 | GEO
Project description:Aim: To determine the effect of an AtrbohC mutation on the gene expression pattern in primary root tissue, to identify candidate genes acting downstream of AtrbohC, particularly any encoding antioxidant-related proteins, signal transduction components or proteins known to be required for normal root-hair development. Background: Root-hairs are a model system for investigating plant cell polarity. The root-hair mutant rhd2 (Schiefelbein and Somerville, 1990. Plant Cell, 2:235) has short hairs that burst at their tips, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). RHD2 has been cloned and is identical to AtrbohC (L. Dolan, pers. comm.), which encodes a homologue of the superoxide-generating neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase catalytic subunit gp91phox (Torres et al., 1998. Plant J., 14:365). Superoxide rapidly dismutates to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), suggesting that the rhd2 phenotype may result from reduced H2O2 levels in root-hair cells. Low doses of exogenous antioxidants phenocopy the rhd2 root-hair phenotype in wild-type plants (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished) further supporting a role for H2O2 in root-hair growth. Fluorescent dyes that detect H2O2 show distinct localisation patterns in growing root-hair cells, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). H2O2 may be an important second messenger in plant cell signalling with proposed roles in the development of cotton fibres (Potikha et al., 1999. Plant Physiol., 119: 849) and in ABA-induced stomatal closure (Zhang et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 126: 1438). In cultured Arabidopsis cells H2O2 induces gene expression, including that of a gp91phox homologue, (Desikan et al., 1998. J. Exp. Bot., 49: 1767; Desikan, et al., 2000. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 28: 773; Baxter-Burrell et al., 2002. Science, 296: 2026) and activates a MAP kinase cascade (Desikan et al., 1999. J. Exp Bot., 50: 1863). cDNA microarray technology has been used previously to examine the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during oxidative stress (Desikan et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 127: 159). We wish to investigate the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during root development using the rhd2 mutant. We are currently determining the expression pattern of RHD2. By extracting RNA from the small region of the primary root (for wild-type and rhd2 plants grown in sterile conditions) where root hairs are growing we hope to enrich for root-hair RNAs. This may reveal candidate genes that could be examined more closely at the single-cell level. This approach will provide new insights into the role of H2O2 in root-hair development. Experiment Overall Design: Number of plants pooled:100
2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6165 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Chromatin modifications, such as cytosine methylation of DNA, play a significant role in mediating gene expression in plants, which affects growth, development, and cell differentiation. Since root hairs are single cell extensions of the root epidermis and the primary organs for water uptake and nutrients, we sought to use root hairs as a single cell model system to measure the impact of environmental stress. We measured changes in cytosine DNA methylation in single cell root hairs as compared to multi-cellular stripped roots, as well as in response to heat stress. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in each methylation context showed very distinct methylation patterns between cell types and in response to heat stress. Intriguingly, at normal temperature, root hairs were more hypermethylated as compared to stripped roots. However, in response to heat stress, both root hairs and stripped roots showed more hypomethylation in each context, especially in the mCHH context. Moreover, expression analysis of mRNA from similar tissues and treatments identified some associations between DMRs, genes and transposons. Taken together, the data indicate that changes of dynamic DNA methylation directly or indirectly is associated with expression of genes and transposons either within the context of specific tissues/cells or stress (heat).
2017-08-01 | GSE90142 | GEO
Project description:Aim: To determine the effect of an AtrbohC mutation on the gene expression pattern in primary root tissue, to identify candidate genes acting downstream of AtrbohC, particularly any encoding antioxidant-related proteins, signal transduction components or proteins known to be required for normal root-hair development. Background: Root-hairs are a model system for investigating plant cell polarity. The root-hair mutant rhd2 (Schiefelbein and Somerville, 1990. Plant Cell, 2:235) has short hairs that burst at their tips, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). RHD2 has been cloned and is identical to AtrbohC (L. Dolan, pers. comm.), which encodes a homologue of the superoxide-generating neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase catalytic subunit gp91phox (Torres et al., 1998. Plant J., 14:365). Superoxide rapidly dismutates to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), suggesting that the rhd2 phenotype may result from reduced H2O2 levels in root-hair cells. Low doses of exogenous antioxidants phenocopy the rhd2 root-hair phenotype in wild-type plants (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished) further supporting a role for H2O2 in root-hair growth. Fluorescent dyes that detect H2O2 show distinct localisation patterns in growing root-hair cells, (Jones and Smirnoff, unpublished). H2O2 may be an important second messenger in plant cell signalling with proposed roles in the development of cotton fibres (Potikha et al., 1999. Plant Physiol., 119: 849) and in ABA-induced stomatal closure (Zhang et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 126: 1438). In cultured Arabidopsis cells H2O2 induces gene expression, including that of a gp91phox homologue, (Desikan et al., 1998. J. Exp. Bot., 49: 1767; Desikan, et al., 2000. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 28: 773; Baxter-Burrell et al., 2002. Science, 296: 2026) and activates a MAP kinase cascade (Desikan et al., 1999. J. Exp Bot., 50: 1863). cDNA microarray technology has been used previously to examine the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during oxidative stress (Desikan et al., 2001. Plant Physiol., 127: 159). We wish to investigate the effects of H2O2 on gene expression during root development using the rhd2 mutant. We are currently determining the expression pattern of RHD2. By extracting RNA from the small region of the primary root (for wild-type and rhd2 plants grown in sterile conditions) where root hairs are growing we hope to enrich for root-hair RNAs. This may reveal candidate genes that could be examined more closely at the single-cell level. This approach will provide new insights into the role of H2O2 in root-hair development. Keywords: strain_or_line_design
2007-01-22 | GSE6165 | GEO
Project description:Background: The unprecedented rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and injudicious fertilization or heterogeneous distribution of Mg in the soil warrant further research to understand the synergistic and holistic mechanisms involved in the plant growth regulation. The objective of this work is to understand responses in plants along with interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels by comparing data on single stress with that of combined stresses. Results: This study investigated the influence of elevated CO2 (800 μL L−1) on physiological and transcriptomic profiles in Arabidopsis cultured in hydroponic media treated with 1 μM (low), 1000 μM (normal) and 10000 μM (high) Mg2+. Following 7-d treatment, elevated CO2 increased the shoot growth and chlorophyll content under both low and normal Mg supply, whereas root growth was improved exclusively under normal Mg nutrition. Notably, the effect of elevated CO2 on mineral homeostasis in both shoots and roots was less than that of Mg supply. Irrespective of CO2 treatment, high Mg increased leaf number but decreased root growth and absorption of P, K, Ca, Fe and Mn whereas low Mg increased the concentration of P, K, Ca and Fe in leaves. Elevated CO2 decreased the expression of genes related to cadmium response, cell redox homeostasis and lipid localization, but enhanced photosynthesis, signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, NBS-LRR disease resistance proteins and subsequently programmed cell death in low-Mg shoots. By comparison, elevated CO2 enhanced the response of lipid localization (mainly LTP transfer protein/protease inhibitor), endomembrane system, heme binding and cell wall modification in high-Mg roots. Some of these transcriptomic results are substantially in accordance with our physiological and/or biochemical analysis. Conclusions: Contrasting changes were found between roots and shoots with the shoot transcriptome being more severely affected by low Mg while the root transcriptome more affected by high Mg. Elevated CO2 had a greater effect on transcript response in low Mg-fed shoots as well as in high Mg-fed roots. The present findings broaden our current understanding on the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and Mg levels in the Arabidopsis, which may help to design the novel metabolic engineering strategies to cope with Mg deficiency/excess in crops under elevated CO2.
2015-05-01 | GSE64501 | GEO