Long-range bidirectional transcription is a general feature of developmental gene promoters in mammals
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Aurelie Bergon
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-44578 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Recent studies have revealed a myriad of non-coding transcripts in different organisms. For instances, the presence of short bidirectional transcripts is a hallmark of active promoters in mammals, while upstream non-coding transcripts can be detected at most expressed genes in conditions where the RNA degradation machinery is inhibited. Here, we used RNA-seq with very high sequencing depth to characterize strand specific transcripts from primary mouse tissues. We found that a substantial fraction of gene promoters sustain expression of long non-coding antisense transcripts. These transcripts have an average size of 6 kb, have features of mature transcripts, but remain associated with the chromatin. We named this new class of non-coding RNAs Long Upstream Antisense Transcripts (LUAT). Strikingly, the LUAT and coding gene pairs are usually co-regulated, with the associated genes often/generally coding for transcriptional regulators functioning during development and cell differentiation. Indeed, these bidirectional promoters share several characteristic of developmental gene promoters, including large CpG islands and high degree of conservation, and display symetrical GC skews. Finally, we found that bidirectional promoters have enlarged platforms of Pol II initiation, associated with an intensified rate of early transcriptional elongation. We concluded that promoters of developmental regulators are characterized by a specialized mechanism of Pol II transcription, whereby Pol II poising is directly coupled to relaxed bidirectional transcription. H3K79me2 ChIP in CD4+,CD8+ double positive thymocytes from C57BL/6 mice was studied, using Illumina sequencer
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Project description:One clear hallmark of mammalian promoters is the presence of CpG islands (CGIs) at more than two thirds of genes whereas TATA boxes are only present at a minority of promoters. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that GC content and CGIs are major promoter elements in mammalian cells, able to govern open chromatin conformation and support paused transcription. First, we define three classes of promoters with distinct transcriptional directionality and pausing properties which correlate with their GC content. We further analyze the direct influence of GC content on nucleosome positioning and depletion, and show that CGIs correlate with nucleosome depletion both in vivo and in vitro. We also show that transcription is not essential for nucleosome exclusion but influences both a weak +1 and a well-positioned nucleosome at CGI borders. Altogether our data support the idea that CGIs have become an essential feature of promoter structure defining novel regulatory properties in mammals. Nucleosome density and positioning were studied by high-throughput sequencing of DNA previously treated with Mnase. In parallel, chIPseq for PolII and H3K27ac were performed in mouse and human with different conditions to assess a potential effect of transcription on nucleosomes properties.
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Project description:CD8 T cells (TCs) expressing active STAT5 (STAT5CA) transcription factors were found to be superior to un-manipulated counterparts in their long-term persistence, capacity to infiltrate a tumor, thrive in its microenvironment and induce its regression. STAT5CA induced sustained expression of genes controlling tissue homing, cytolytic granule composition, Tc-1-associated effector molecules (GranzymeB+/IFNg+/TNFa+/CCL3+ but IL-2-) and potential for secondary responses. Sustained expression of both T-Bet and Eomes transcription factors was correlated with STAT5 binding to their corresponding genes by ChIPSeq analyses. Additionally, STAT5CA-expressing CD8 TCs demonstrated reduced IL-6R/TGFbRII expression and dampened IL-6 and TGFb1 signaling. Altogether, concerted STAT5/T-Bet/Eomes regulation controls homing, recall responses and resistance to Tc-17 polarization in CD8 TCs. TCRP1A CD8 T lymphocytes were activated by their cognate P1A Ag. After 24h, an active form of Stat5 (STAT5CA) was introduced in activated cells. Culture was continued for another 48h to induce their differentiation in effector T cells. These activated T cells were injected in congeneic hosts and recovered 70 days later from hosts' spleen and lymph nodes: TCRP1A eTC-STAT5CA.
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