Transcription profiling of breast epithelial cell MCF10F after estrogen induced neoplastic transformation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Yong Huang
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-5102 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer, yet its mechanism in the initiation of this disease is not clear. Here we use a model of estrogen-mediated malignant transformation of MCF-10F cells to identify the temporal acquisition of changes in genome structure and gene expression that correspond to the progressive transformed phenotype culminating in tumorigenesis. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from MCF10F, trMCF (MCF10F transformed by 70 nM 17-beta estradiol), bsMCF (trMCF selected by Boyden chamber, tumorigenic), bcMCF(clones of bsMCF), and caMCF (cells from tumors of bsMCF grown in SCID mice). The Affymetrix 100k SNP and HG-U133_Plus_2 chips were used for genotyping and gene expression analyses. Changes in chromosomal copy number and loss of heterozygosity were progressive. Gross changes were rarely observed in the trMCF10F cells; the earliest was a gain in chromosome 1p, 1p36.12-1p36.21. In the bsMCF and their sub-clones bcMCF, additional gains were seen in chromosomes 1p, 1p36.12-1pter, 5q, 5q21.1-5q35.3, and 13q, 13q21.32-13q34; losses were detected in chromosomes 4 and 8p, 8p11.1-8p23.1. In the caMCF, additional losses were seen in chromosomes 3p, 3p12.1-3p14.1, 9p, 9p22.1-9p24.3, and 18q, 18q11.2-18q23. Using microarray analysis we were able, in some cases, to narrow the regions of interest and their associated candidate cancer genes. The observation of progressive genomic changes, along with the tumor phenotype of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, indicate an underlying mechanism common to breast cancer development in humans, and adds to the evidence indicating that estrogens are mutagenic and contribute early to the process of breast cancer. Keywords: Cell type comparison
2006-06-20 | GSE5102 | GEO
Project description:The estrogen-dependence of breast cancer has long been recognized, however, the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in cancer initiation was not known until we demonstrated that it induces complete neoplastic transformation of the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. E2-treatment of MCF-10F cells progressively induced high colony efficiency and loss of ductulogenesis in early transformed (trMCF) cells and invasiveness in Matrigel invasion chambers. The cells that; crossed the chamber membrane were collected and identified as bsMCF, and their subclones designated bcMCF, and the cells harvested from carcinoma formation in SCID mice designated caMCF. These phenotypes correlated with gene dysregulation during the progression of the ; transformation. The highest number of dysregulated genes was observed in caMCF, being slightly lower in bcMCF, and lowest in trMCF. This order was consistent with the extent of chromosome aberrations (caMCF > bcMCF >>> trMCF). Chromosomal amplifications were found in 1p36.12-pter, 5q21.1-qter and 13q21.31-qter. Losses of the complete chromosome 4 and 8p11.21-23.1 were found only in tumorigenic cells. In tumor-derived cell lines, additional losses were found in 3p12.1-14.1, 9p22.1-pter and 18q11.21-qter. Functional profiling of dysregulated genes revealed progressive changes in the integrin signaling pathway, inhibition of apoptosis, acquisition of tumorigenic cell surface markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In tumorigenic cells, the levels of E-cadherin, EMA, and various keratins were low and CD44E/CD24 were negative, whereas SNAI2, vimentin, S100A4, FN1, HRAS, TGFβ1 and; CD44H were high. The phenotypic and genomic changes triggered by estrogen exposure that lead normal cells to tumorigenesis confirm the role of this steroid hormone in cancer initiation. Experiment Overall Design: Human MCF-10F cells were transformed by 70nM 17-beta-estradiol. The transformed cells were selected by Boyden chamber. The selected cells were injected into SCID mice and also cloned and expanded. The thus grown tumors were harvested for cell culture. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from cell lines in each step for 100K SNP and gene expression microarray assay.
2008-06-13 | E-GEOD-5116 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The estrogen-dependence of breast cancer has long been recognized, however, the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in cancer initiation was not known until we demonstrated that it induces complete neoplastic transformation of the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. E2-treatment of MCF-10F cells progressively induced high colony efficiency and loss of ductulogenesis in early transformed (trMCF) cells and invasiveness in Matrigel invasion chambers. The cells that crossed the chamber membrane were collected and identified as bsMCF, and their subclones designated bcMCF, and the cells harvested from carcinoma formation in SCID mice designated caMCF. These phenotypes correlated with gene dysregulation during the progression of the transformation. The highest number of dysregulated genes was observed in caMCF, being slightly lower in bcMCF, and lowest in trMCF. This order was consistent with the extent of chromosome aberrations (caMCF > bcMCF >>> trMCF). Chromosomal amplifications were found in 1p36.12-pter, 5q21.1-qter and 13q21.31-qter. Losses of the complete chromosome 4 and 8p11.21-23.1 were found only in tumorigenic cells. In tumor-derived cell lines, additional losses were found in 3p12.1-14.1, 9p22.1-pter and 18q11.21-qter. Functional profiling of dysregulated genes revealed progressive changes in the integrin signaling pathway, inhibition of apoptosis, acquisition of tumorigenic cell surface markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In tumorigenic cells, the levels of E-cadherin, EMA, and various keratins were low and CD44E/CD24 were negative, whereas SNAI2, vimentin, S100A4, FN1, HRAS, TGFβ1 and CD44H were high. The phenotypic and genomic changes triggered by estrogen exposure that lead normal cells to tumorigenesis confirm the role of this steroid hormone in cancer initiation. Keywords: Cell type comparison
2006-08-10 | GSE5116 | GEO
Project description:Retinoids have been used as potential chemotherapeutic or chemo-preventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. We investigated the effect of all trans- retinoic acid (ATRA) at different stages of the neoplastic transformation using an in vitro model of breast cancer progression. This model was previously developed by treating the human normal-like breast epithelial MCF-10F cells with high dose of estradiol and consist of five cell lines which shown a progressive neoplastic transformation: MCF-10F (normal stage), trMCF (premalignant stage), bsMCF (invasive stage) and caMCF (tumorigenic stage). In 3D-cultures, MCF-10F cells form tubules resembling the normal mammary gland although after treatment with high doses of estradiol, trMCF cells, formed tubules and, spherical masses which are an indication of cell transformation. By ring cloning, trMCF clone 11 which only formed spherical masses in collagen was isolated. Our results showed that the early transformed trMCF clone 11 cells shown a reduction of spherical masses and increased of tubules in collagen after being treated with 10-5M (10M-BM-5M) and 10-6M (1M-BM-5M) ATRA; the number of tubules was higher in cells treated with 10-6M ATRA (43% vs. 10% tubules). The invasive bsMCF and tumorigenic caMCF cells did not shown any changes in morphology after ATRA treatment. Analysis of expression studies in early transformed cells treated with 10-6M ATRA showed that 271 probes upregulated in trMCF clone 11 cells were downregulated after ATRA treatment and, 316 probes that were downregulated were upregulated after ATRA treatment in these cells to similar levels than the normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. These genes were involved in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, RAR Activation, xenobiotic metabolisms signaling, molecular mechanisms of cancer and cell morphology. Our results shown that ATRA was able to re-differentiate transformed cells at early stages of the neoplastic process suggesting that ATRA could potentially be used to inhibit the progression of premalignant lesions of the breast such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We investigated the effect of all trans- retinoic acid (ATRA) at different stages of the neoplastic transformation using an in vitro model of breast cancer progression. This model was previously developed by treating the human normal-like breast epithelial MCF-10F cells with high dose of estradiol and consist of five cell lines which shown a progressive neoplastic transformation: MCF-10F (normal stage), trMCF (premalignant stage), bsMCF (invasive stage) and caMCF (tumorigenic stage).
2013-12-13 | E-GEOD-51549 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Retinoids have been used as potential chemotherapeutic or chemo-preventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. We investigated the effect of all trans- retinoic acid (ATRA) at different stages of the neoplastic transformation using an in vitro model of breast cancer progression. This model was previously developed by treating the human normal-like breast epithelial MCF-10F cells with high dose of estradiol and consist of five cell lines which shown a progressive neoplastic transformation: MCF-10F (normal stage), trMCF (premalignant stage), bsMCF (invasive stage) and caMCF (tumorigenic stage). In 3D-cultures, MCF-10F cells form tubules resembling the normal mammary gland although after treatment with high doses of estradiol, trMCF cells, formed tubules and, spherical masses which are an indication of cell transformation. By ring cloning, trMCF clone 11 which only formed spherical masses in collagen was isolated. Our results showed that the early transformed trMCF clone 11 cells shown a reduction of spherical masses and increased of tubules in collagen after being treated with 10-5M (10µM) and 10-6M (1µM) ATRA; the number of tubules was higher in cells treated with 10-6M ATRA (43% vs. 10% tubules). The invasive bsMCF and tumorigenic caMCF cells did not shown any changes in morphology after ATRA treatment. Analysis of expression studies in early transformed cells treated with 10-6M ATRA showed that 271 probes upregulated in trMCF clone 11 cells were downregulated after ATRA treatment and, 316 probes that were downregulated were upregulated after ATRA treatment in these cells to similar levels than the normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10F. These genes were involved in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, RAR Activation, xenobiotic metabolisms signaling, molecular mechanisms of cancer and cell morphology. Our results shown that ATRA was able to re-differentiate transformed cells at early stages of the neoplastic process suggesting that ATRA could potentially be used to inhibit the progression of premalignant lesions of the breast such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
2013-12-13 | GSE51549 | GEO
Project description:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) comprise a biologically diverse group of neoplasms with respect to activating mutations in either KIT or PDGFRA genes, histology, anatomic site of origin, and clinical aggressiveness. In this study, we applied the high resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) technology to 66 primary GISTs (40 gastric and 26 non-gastric, 48 with KIT- and 18 with PDGFRA-mutations) for identification of novel high-level alterations and for characterization of genotype-related genomic changes. All cases had genomic imbalances with the highest occurrence of chromosome 14q (73%), 1p (62%), 22q (59%), 15q (38%) and 13q (29%) losses. Our data indicate that loss of chromosome 14 and/or 22 is an early change in GIST tumorigenesis irrespective of tumor genotype. Furthermore, DNA copy number changes showed a site dependent pattern. These included lower incidence of losses at 14q (87% vs. 35%), and higher frequency of losses at 1p (45%, vs. 85%) and 15q (17% vs. 69%) in non-gastric versus gastric site (p<0.001 for all). However, in the multivariate analysis with adjustment to tumor risk stratification, only the chromosome 14q loss site-dependent pattern of distribution retained its significance. These findings suggest that loss of chromosome 14q is a relatively late genetic event in the development of non-gastric GISTs, the lack of which is most likely substituted by the accumulation of chromosomes 1p/15q and other changes. The novel minimal overlapping regions of deletion at chromosome 1p (1p36.32-1p35.2, 1p34.1, and 1p22.1-1p21.3), 13q (13q14.11-q14.2 and 13q32.3-q33.1) and 15q23 were delineated, which point to chromosomal regions that may harbor genes relevant to the development of these neoplasms. Keywords: comparative genomic hybridization, genotype, site dependent changes
2006-11-08 | GSE5336 | GEO
Project description:Xenoestrogens are part of a group of agents termed endocrine disruptors because of their capacity to perturb normal hormonal actions. It has been suggested that xenoestrogens may contribute to the development of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is polymerized to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Human exposure occurs when BPA leaches from plastic-lined food and beverage cans. In the present work we are aiming to determine if BPA has carcinogenic properties by using an in vitro system. For this purpose the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F were treated with 10-3M to 10-9M BPA continuously for two weeks. The MCF-10F cells treated with 10-3M and 10-4M BPA died, indicating that these concentrations were toxic for the human breast epithelial cells. The cells treated with 10-5M to 10-9M BPA were evaluated for formation of solid masses in collagen and invasion capacity, both phenotypes that are indicators of cell transformation. MCF-10F treated with 10-5M, 10-6M, 10-7M, 10-8M and 10-9M BPA formed a high percentage of solid masses (34.6%, 20%, 42.4%, 31.8% and 32.2%, respectively). Ten passages after BPA treatments, the invasive capacities of the cells were evaluated using Boyden chambers. The invasion capacity was lower in the cells treated at high concentrations of BPA (10-5M and 10-6M), and there was an increased invasion for the cells treated at low BPA concentration (10-9M) although, in all the cases the differences were not significant to the controls. Expression and DNA methylation analyses were performed with the cells treated with 10-5M and 10-6M BPA. We found that these cells showed an increased expression of BRCA1, BARD1, CtIP, RAD51 and BRCC3, all genes involved in DNA repair, and downregulation of PDCD5 and BCL2L11 (also known as BIM), both involved in apoptosis. The upregulation of CtIP was related to hypomethylation of the promoter/exon1 of this gene. Furthermore, BPA induced silencing of BCL2L11 by hypermethylation. This is the first demonstration that BPA induces neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells and that aberrant DNA methylation of genes involved in DNA repair and apoptosis could be involved in the initiation of the neoplastic process. MCF-10F, a normal-like human breast epithelial cell (HBEC) line that is ERalpha-negative PR-negative, was maintained in high-calcium medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 until confluent. These cells were treated with different concentrations of BPA continuously for two weeks, adding fresh media every day. As controls, MCF-10F cells were not treated and maintained in the regular media or treated with 0.284% DMSO (vehicle). The cells treated with 10-5M or 10-6M BPA after the invasion assay were collected and expanded during 6 passages. RNA was isolated from the cells using an RNA extraction kit (Qiagen).
2011-09-15 | E-GEOD-32158 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Xenoestrogens are part of a group of agents termed endocrine disruptors because of their capacity to perturb normal hormonal actions. It has been suggested that xenoestrogens may contribute to the development of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is polymerized to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Human exposure occurs when BPA leaches from plastic-lined food and beverage cans. In the present work we are aiming to determine if BPA has carcinogenic properties by using an in vitro system. For this purpose the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F were treated with 10-3M to 10-9M BPA continuously for two weeks. The MCF-10F cells treated with 10-3M and 10-4M BPA died, indicating that these concentrations were toxic for the human breast epithelial cells. The cells treated with 10-5M to 10-9M BPA were evaluated for formation of solid masses in collagen and invasion capacity, both phenotypes that are indicators of cell transformation. MCF-10F treated with 10-5M, 10-6M, 10-7M, 10-8M and 10-9M BPA formed a high percentage of solid masses (34.6%, 20%, 42.4%, 31.8% and 32.2%, respectively). Ten passages after BPA treatments, the invasive capacities of the cells were evaluated using Boyden chambers. The invasion capacity was lower in the cells treated at high concentrations of BPA (10-5M and 10-6M), and there was an increased invasion for the cells treated at low BPA concentration (10-9M) although, in all the cases the differences were not significant to the controls. Expression and DNA methylation analyses were performed with the cells treated with 10-5M and 10-6M BPA. We found that these cells showed an increased expression of BRCA1, BARD1, CtIP, RAD51 and BRCC3, all genes involved in DNA repair, and downregulation of PDCD5 and BCL2L11 (also known as BIM), both involved in apoptosis. The upregulation of CtIP was related to hypomethylation of the promoter/exon1 of this gene. Furthermore, BPA induced silencing of BCL2L11 by hypermethylation. This is the first demonstration that BPA induces neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells and that aberrant DNA methylation of genes involved in DNA repair and apoptosis could be involved in the initiation of the neoplastic process. MCF-10F, a normal-like Homo sapiens breast epithelial cell (HBEC) line that is ERa-negative PR-negative, was maintained in high calcium medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 until confluent. These cells were treated with different concentrations of BPA continuously for two weeks, adding fresh media every day. As controls, MCF-10F cells were not treated and maintained in the regular media or treated with 0.284% DMSO (vehicle). The cells treated with 10-5M or 10-6M BPA after the invasion assay were collected and expanded during 6 passages. DNA was isolated from the cells using a DNA extraction kit (Qiagen).
2011-03-10 | E-GEOD-27865 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Xenoestrogens are part of a group of agents termed endocrine disruptors because of their capacity to perturb normal hormonal actions.It has been suggested that xenoestrogens may contribute to the development of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is polymerized to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Human exposure occurs when BPA leaches from plastic-lined food and beverage cans. In the present work we are aiming to determine if BPA has carcinogenic properties by using an in vitro system. For this purpose the human breast epithelial cells MCF-10F were treated with 10-3M to 10-9M BPA continuously for two weeks. The MCF-10F cells treated with 10-3M and 10-4M BPA died indicating that these concentrations were toxic for the human breast epithelial cells. The cells treated with 10-5M to 10-9M BPA were evaluated for formation of solid masses in collagen and invasion capacity, both phenotypes that are indicators of cell transformation. MCF-10F treated with 10-5M, 10-6M, 10-7M, 10-8M and 10-9M BPA formed a high percentage of solid masses (34.6%, 20%, 42.4%, 31.8% and 32.2%, respectively). Ten passages after BPA treatments, the invasive capacities of the cells were evaluated using Boyden chambers. The invasion capacity was lower in the cells treated at high concentrations of BPA (10-5M and 10-6M) and, there was an increased invasion for the cells treated at low BPA concentration (10-9M) although, in all the cases the differences were not significant to the controls. Expression and DNA methylation analysis were performed with the cells treated with 10-5M and 10-6M BPA. We found that these cells showed an increased expression of BRCA1, BARD1, CtIP, RAD51 and BRCC3, all genes involved in DNA repair, and downregulation of PDCD5 and BCL2L11 (also known as BIM), both involved in apoptosis. The upregulation of CtIP was related to hypomethylation of the promoter/exon1 of this gene. Furthermore, BPA induced silencing of BCL2L11 by hypermethylation. This is the first demonstration that BPA induces neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells and that aberrant DNA methylation of genes involved in DNA repair and apoptosis could be involved in the initiation of the neoplastic process. MCF-10F, a normal-like Homo sapiens breast epithelial cell (HBEC) line that is ERa-negative PR-negative was maintained in high calcium medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 until confluent. These cells were treated with different concentrations of BPA continuously for two weeks, adding fresh media every day. As controls, MCF-10F cells were not treated and maintained in the regular media or treated with 0.284% DMSO (vehicle). The cells treated with 10-5M or 10-6M BPA after the invasion assay were collected and expanded during 6 passages. RNA was isolated from the cells using RNA extraction kit (Quiagen).
2011-02-28 | E-GEOD-26884 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: To improve clinical outcome of gastric cancer patients, most emphasis is on improving therapeutic regimens, including more extensive surgery as well as (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study set out to identify, based on DNA copy number profiling, subgroups of patients with different clinical outcomes who thus would qualify for different therapy intensities. Experimental Design: DNA of 206 gastric cancer patients was isolated and analyzed by genome wide array comparative genomic hybridization. DNA copy number profiles were evaluated and correlated to lymph node status and survival. In addition, HSP90 protein expression was analyzed and correlated to survival in 290 gastric cancer patients. Results: Frequent (>20%) DNA copy number gains were observed on chromosomes 1p, 6p, 7p, 7q, 8q, 11q, 12q, 13q, 16p, 16q, 17q, 19p, 19q, 20p, 20q, 21q and 22q, and losses on chromosomes 4p, 4q, 6p, 6q, 9p, 13q and 21q. Lymph node negative gastric cancers showed significantly more losses on chromosomes 5q11.2-q35.1, 10q11.23-21.3 and 14q32.11-q32.33. In addition, losses on 5q11.2-q31.3 and 14q32.11-q32.33 were highly correlated to good clinical outcome, in both lymph node negative and positive gastric cancer patients. Loss of expression of HSP90, located on chromosome 14q32.2, correlated to good survival time. Conclusion: Genome wide DNA copy number profiling allows to identify a subgroup of gastric cancers, marked by losses on chromosomes 5q11.2-q31.3 and 14q32.11-q32.33 that have an excellent clinical outcome after surgery alone, and patients with these tumors are unlikely to benefit from additional intensified therapies. Possible biological mechanisms could involve loss of heat shock proteins, of which the coding genes are located at these chromosomal regions. 183 gastric adenocarcinomas
2012-05-09 | E-GEOD-26389 | biostudies-arrayexpress