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Transcription factor Achaete-Scute homologue 2 initiates T follicular helper cell development [array]

ABSTRACT: In immune responses, activated T cells migrate to B cell follicles and develop to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a new subset of CD4+ T cells specialized in providing help to B lymphocytes in the induction of germinal centers 1-3. Although Bcl6 has been shown to be essential in Tfh cell function, it may not regulate the initial migration of T cells 4 or the induction of Tfh program as exampled by CXCR5 upregulation 5. Here, we show that the Achaete-Scute homologue 2 (Ascl2) gene that encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor 6, is selectively upregulated in its expression in Tfh cells. Ectopic expression of Ascl2 uniquely upregulates CXCR5 but not Bcl6 and downregulates CCR7 expression in T cells in vitro and accelerates T cell migration to the follicles and Tfh cell development in vivo. Combined transcriptome profiling and genome-wide occupancy analysis indicate that Ascl2 directly regulates Tfh-related genes while inhibits expression of Th1 and Th17 genes. Acute deletion of Ascl2 as well as blockade of its function with the Id3 protein in peripheral CD4+ T cells results in a failure in Tfh cell development and the germinal center response. Conversely, mutation of Id3, known to cause antibody-mediated autoimmunity, greatly enhances Tfh cell generation. Thus, Ascl2 critically and directly initiates Tfh cell development. Decide gene expression patterns of CD4+ T cells with overexpressed Ascl2 or Tfh cells

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Lai Wei

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-52838 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Transcription factor Achaete-Scute homologue 2 initiates T follicular helper cell development [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:In immune responses, activated T cells migrate to B cell follicles and develop to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a new subset of CD4+ T cells specialized in providing help to B lymphocytes in the induction of germinal centers 1-3. Although Bcl6 has been shown to be essential in Tfh cell function, it may not regulate the initial migration of T cells 4 or the induction of Tfh program as exampled by CXCR5 upregulation 5. Here, we show that the Achaete-Scute homologue 2 (Ascl2) gene that encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor 6, is selectively upregulated in its expression in Tfh cells. Ectopic expression of Ascl2 uniquely upregulates CXCR5 but not Bcl6 and downregulates CCR7 expression in T cells in vitro and accelerates T cell migration to the follicles and Tfh cell development in vivo. Combined transcriptome profiling and genome-wide occupancy analysis indicate that Ascl2 directly regulates Tfh-related genes while inhibits expression of Th1 and Th17 genes. Acute deletion of Ascl2 as well as blockade of its function with the Id3 protein in peripheral CD4+ T cells results in a failure in Tfh cell development and the germinal center response. Conversely, mutation of Id3, known to cause antibody-mediated autoimmunity, greatly enhances Tfh cell generation. Thus, Ascl2 critically and directly initiates Tfh cell development. Decide Ascl2 binding sites in CD4+ T cells

2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-52839 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription factor Achaete-Scute homologue 2 initiates T follicular helper cell development [ChIP-Seq]

2014-01-01 | GSE52839 | GEO

Transcription factor Achaete-Scute homologue 2 initiates T follicular helper cell development [array]

2014-01-01 | GSE52838 | GEO

Expression data from BCL6-YFP-positive Tfh cells, BCL6-YFP-negative Tfh cells, non-Tfh cells, and naïve helper T cells.

Project description:We found that a number of Tfh cells downmodulated BCL6 protein after their development, and we sought to compare the gene expression between BCL6-hi Tfh cells and BCL6-low Tfh cells. CD4+ T cells were sorted from immunized and non-immunized mice for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Bcl6yfp/+ OT-II cells were transferred to congenic recipient mice, and immunized with NP-OVA in CFA subcutaneously. Seven or ten days after immunization, cells were collected from draining lymph nodes, and sorted on FACSAria by the expression of CXCR5, PD-1 and BCL6-YFP. Naive CD4+ T cells were CD4+ CD44lo CD62Lhi cells from unimmunized mice.

2011-06-02 | E-GEOD-24574 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Type I Interferon induces binding of STAT1 to Bcl6: Divergent Roles of STAT-family transcription factors in the T follicular helper cell genetic program

Project description:CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical for the formation and function of B cell responses to infection or immunization, but also play an important role in autoimmunity. The factors that contribute to the differentiation of this helper cell subset are incompletely understood, although several cytokines including IL-6, IL-21 and IL-12 can promote TFH cell formation. Yet, none of these factors, nor their downstream cognate STATs, have emerged as non-redundant, essential drivers of TFH cells. This suggests a model in which multiple factors can contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of TFH cells. As type I interferons (IFNs) are often generated in immune responses, we set out to investigate if these factors are relevant to TFH cell differentiation. Type I IFNs promote Th1 responses, thus one possibility was these factors antagonized TFH-expressed genes. However, we show that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) induced Bcl6 expression, the master regulator transcription factor for TFH cells, and CXCR5 and PD-1 (encoded by Pdcd1), key surface molecules expressed by TFH cells. In contrast, type I IFNs failed to induce IL-21, the signature cytokine for TFH cells. The induction of Bcl6 was regulated directly by STAT1, which bound to the Bcl6, Cxcr5 and Pdcd1 loci. These data suggest that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and STAT1 can contribute to some features of TFH cells but are inadequate in inducing complete programming of this subset. The role of STAT1 in type I interferon treated CD4+ T cells was investigated by Chip-seq of STAT1.

2014-01-22 | E-GEOD-51531 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription Factor Tox2 is required for Follicular Helper T Cells differentiation

Project description:Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are crucial for formation of B cell germinal center (GC) and long-term production of antigen-specific antibodies. The molecular mechanism underlying Tfh cell differentiation, however, still remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box family member 2 (Tox2) is important for Tfh cell development. Tox2 deficiency led to impaired Tfh cell differentiation and subsequently reduced GC formation. Consistently, ectopic expression of Tox2 promoted Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, we found that Tox2 regulated the expression of Ascl2, an initiator in driving CXCR5 transcription in Tfh cells; Tox2 deficiency caused the decreased expression of Ascl2. Restoration of Ascl2 expression in Tox2 deficient CD4+ T cells rescued the defect in Tfh cell differentiation. Our study suggests that Tox2 is an important transcription factor for Tfh cell development.

2020-06-01 | GSE136694 | GEO

CXCR5+ follicular cytotoxic T cells control viral infection in B cell follicles

Project description:In response to infection, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are primed in the T cell zone of secondary lymphoid organs and differentiate into cytotoxic effector T (TC) cells. Concurrently, CD4+ T cells differentiate into follicular helper T (TFH) cells that localize to B cell follicles and promote protective antibody responses. During unresolved infections, however, some viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or Epsteinâ??Barr virus (EBV) escape immune control and persist in TFH cells and B cells, respectively. Exclusion of Tc cells from B cell follicles is thought to be a major mechanism of immune evasion. New strategies are therefore needed to eradicate infected cells in follicles for a permanent cure. Using mouse infection models and human samples, we here identify a specialized group of TC cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5 that can selectively enter B cell follicles and eradicate infected TFH and B cells. We demonstrate that differentiation of these cells, which we term follicular cytotoxic T (TFC) cells, requires the transcription factors Bcl6, E2A and Tcf1, whereas the transcriptional regulators Blimp1, Id3 and Id2 inhibit their development. We demonstrate that Blimp1 and E2A directly regulate Cxcr5 expression, and together with Bcl6 and Tcf1 form a transcriptional circuit that guides the TFC differentiation. The identification of a follicular subset of TC cells has far reaching implications for developing better strategies for the control of infections that target B cells and TFH cells and for the eradication of B cell derived malignancies. There is no associated input. The E2A Bio-ChIP-seq was performed with total thymocytes from Tcf3Bio/Bio Rosa26BirA/BirA mice

2016-08-01 | E-GEOD-84974 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bach2 is a critical negative regulator of Tfh cell differentiation

Project description:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are essential for germinal center B cell responses; however, the molecular mechanism underlying Tfh cell programming, in particular, the initial Tfh cell development, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that in vivo, despite enhanced non-Tfh effector functions, the deletion of transcription factor Bach2 still results in preferential Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, the deletion of Bach2 leads to the induction of CXCR5 expression even before the up-regulation of Ascl2. Subsequently we identified a novel regulatory element in the murine CXCR5 locus that negatively regulates CXCR5 promoter activities in a Bach2-dependent manner. Furthermore, we find that Bach2 is also essential for CD4+ T cell memory including Tfh cell memory. These results demonstrate that Bach2 is a novel critical player in controlling Tfh cell responses.

2019-01-24 | GSE123350 | GEO

Continued Bcl6 expression prevents the transdifferentiation of established Tfh cells into Th1 cells during acute viral infection

Project description:By using a temporally-controlled system for the ablation of Bcl6 and Cxcr5 speficially in CD4 T cells, the requirements of both factors for the maintenance of Tfh cells were investigated

2020-10-06 | GSE142229 | GEO

scRNA-seq of human Tfh, Tfr and Treg cells sorted from Tonsil, Iliac Lymph Node and PBMCs

Project description:The datasets were obtained to investigate the transcriptional profile of Tfh, Tfr and Treg cells isolated from different human tissues. The comparison between lymphoid tissues with different frequency of the most mature Tfh and Tfr cells allows the investigation of maturation as well as tissue adaptation of those different cell subsets. To address these issues, three different cell populations from three different tissues were sorted by index sorting, with Tfh cells as CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+; Tfr cells as CD4+CXCR5+CD25+ and Treg cells as CD4+CXCR5-CD25+. Smart-seq2 protocol was used mRNA library preparations.

2021-04-22 | E-MTAB-10364 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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