Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Human PGC commitment shares key gene dynamics to mouse, but owns a unique PRDM14 expression pattern

ABSTRACT: The molecular mechanisms of human primordial germ cell (PGC) specification are poorly understood due to the inaccessibility of cell materials and the lack of an alternative in vitro model that enables tracking of the earliest stages of germ cell development. Here, we introduce a defined and efficient differentiation system for the induction of pre-migratory PGC-like cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By step-wise differentiation, we generated an OCT4+/ T+/BLIMP1+ cell population that transitioned into STELLA expressing PGC-like cells that exhibited a similar key gene expression as mouse PGCs as well as global epigenetic reprogramming. Even though, these PGC-like cells expressed PRDM14 at very low levels, they underwent activation of pluripotency/PGC genes, suppression of neural induction and suppression of de novo DNA methylation, events that are regulated by Prdm14 during mouse PGC specification. This study demonstrates that human PGC commitment shares many key features with mouse PGC specification, but harbors unique and so far unknown mechanisms that, point to a novel human transcriptional regulation. 7 samples were analyzed. ESC: Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 1 biological rep iPSC: Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, 1 biological rep d2: Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, 2 days differentiation treatment , 2 biological rep d4PGCLC: Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, 4 days differentiation treatment towards Primordial Germ Cells Like Cells, 1 biological rep d6PGCLC: Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, 6 days differentiation treatment towards Primordial Germ Cells Like Cells, 2 biological rep

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Marcos Araúzo-Bravo

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-53498 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Human primordial germ cell commitment in vitro associates with a unique PRDM14 expression profile.

Sugawa Fumihiro F Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J MJ Yoon Juyong J Kim Kee-Pyo KP Aramaki Shinya S Wu Guangming G Stehling Martin M Psathaki Olympia E OE Hübner Karin K Schöler Hans R HR

The EMBO journal 20150306 8

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) develop only into sperm and oocytes in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying human PGC specification are poorly understood due to inaccessibility of cell materials and lack of in vitro models for tracking the earliest stages of germ cell development. Here, we describe a defined and stepwise differentiation system for inducing pre-migratory PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In response to cytokines, PSCs differentiate first into a h ...[more]

PMID: 25750208

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Project description:The molecular mechanisms underlying the commitment of cells to the germ cell lineage and the subsequent formation of germ cells during mammalian development remain poorly understood due to an inability to obtain sufficient amounts of cellular materials to conduct thorough in-vitro analyses. Although primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been generated and isolated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro, concurrent expression of several cell surface receptors and transcription factors, at various levels, confounds the identification of these cells. To date, only a few genes that mark the onset of germ cell commitment to the epiblast, including tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), Blimp1, Stella, and Fragilis, have been used with some degree of success to detect PGC formation in in-vitro model systems. In light of the current literature, the generation of an unlimited supply of germ cells and gametes from pluripotent stem cells would greatly facilitate studies into reproductive development. To accomplish this, we would need to discover novel markers that are specifically expressed in germ cells. Here we identified four genes that are specifically expressed in male and female germ cells, both in vivo and in vitro, but are not expressed in somatic tissues or ESCs. Expression of these genes therefore allows us to distinguish committed germ cells from undifferentiated pluripotent cell populations, a prerequisite for the successful derivation of germ cells and gametes in vitro. For RNA isolation, PGCs were sorted by FACS, collected by centrifugation, lysed in RLT buffer (QIAGEN), and processed using RNeasy Micro kits with on-column DNase digestion as per the manufacturer's instructions. Integrity of RNA samples was quality-checked using a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent). If possible, 300 ng of total RNA per sample was used as starting material for linear amplification (Illumina TotalPrep RNA amplification kit, Ambion), which involved synthesis of T7-linked double-stranded cDNA and 14 hrs of in-vitro transcription incorporating biotin-labeled nucleotides. Purified and labeled cRNA was then quality-checked on a 2100 Bioanalyser, and hybridized as biological or technical duplicates for 18 hrs onto MouseRef-8 v2 gene expression BeadChips (Illumina), following the manufacturer's instructions. After being washed, the chips were stained with streptavidin-Cy3 (GE Healthcare) and scanned using the iScan reader and accompanying software. 44 samples were analyzed. ESCm: OG2 male Embryonic Stem Cell, +/+ Oct4-GFP ES cells, 1 biological rep 11.5: 11.5 embryonic day PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 12.5F: 12.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 13.5F: 13.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 14.5F: 14.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 15.5F: 15.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 16.5F: 16.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 17.5F: 17.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 18.5F: 18.5 embryonic day female PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 12.5M: 12.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 13.5M: 13.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 14.5M: 14.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 15.5M: 15.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 16.5M: 16.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 17.5M: 17.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 18.5M: 18.5 embryonic day male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 8M: 8 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 10M: 10 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 12M: 12 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 14M: 14 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 1 biological rep 16M: 16 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 18M: 18 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps 20M: 20 day after birth male PGC (Primordial Germ Cell), 2 biological reps

Project description:Maintenance and maturation of primordial germ cells is controlled by complex genetic and epigenetic cascades, and disturbances in this network lead to either infertility or malignant aberration. Transcription factor Tcfap2c / TFAP2C has been described to be essential for primordial germ cell maintenance and to be upregulated in several human germ cell cancers. Using global gene expression profiling, we identified genes deregulated upon loss of Tcfap2c in primordial germ cell-like cells. We show that loss of Tcfap2c affects many aspects of the genetic network regulating germ cell biology, such as downregulation maturation markers and induction of markers indicative of somatic differentiation, cell cycle, epigenetic remodeling, and pluripotency associated genes. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated binding of Tcfap2c to regulatory regions of deregulated genes (Sfrp1, Dmrt1, Nanos3, c-Kit, Cdk6, Cdkn1a, Fgf4, Klf4, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l) suggesting that these genes are direct transcriptional targets of Tcfap2c in primordial germ cells. Since Tcfap2c deficient primordial germ cell like cells display cancer related deregulations in epigenetic remodeling, cell cycle and pluripotency control, the Tcfap2c-knockout allele was bred onto 129S2/Sv genetic background. There, mice heterozygous for Tcfap2c develop germ cell cancer with high incidence. Precursor lesions can be observed as early as E16.5 in developing testes displaying persisting expression of pluripotency markers. We further demonstrate, that mice with a heterozygous deletion of the Tcfap2c target gene Nanos3 are also prone to develop teratoma. These data highlight Tcfap2c as a critical and dose-sensitive regulator of germ cell fate. 8 samples were analyzed. Ctrl ESC: Control mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), 2 biological rep KO ESC: Tcfap2c knock-out mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), 2 biological rep Ctrl PGC: Control mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), 2 biological rep KO PGC: Tcfap2c knock-out mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), 2 biological rep

Project description:The generation of properly functioning gametes in vitro, a key goal in developmental/reproductive biology, requires multi-step reconstitutions of complex germ cell development. Based on the logic of primordial germ cell (PGC)-specification, we demonstrate here the generation of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) in mice with robust capacity for spermatogenesis from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), a cellular state highly similar to pre-gastrulating epiblasts, but distinct from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). The global transcription profiles, epigenetic reprogramming, and cellular dynamics during PGCLC induction from EpiLCs are a meticulous capture of those associated with PGC specification from the epiblasts. Furthermore, we identify Integrin-beta 3 and SSEA1 as markers that purify PGCLCs with spermatogenic capacity free from tumorigenic undifferentiated cells. With the reconstitution of PGC specification pathway from the naive inner cell mass state, our study defines a paradigm for the essential step of in vitro gametogenesis. We performed this analysis to reveal the characters of the cells that we created in this study, epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and primordial germ cells-like cells (PGCLCs). Because EpiLCs were induced from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and equivalent to pre-gastrulating epiblast (embryonic day [E] 5.5-6.0) in vivo (embryo), ESCs and epiblast were included in this analysis. Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are a culture cell type derived from epiblast, and were also included. PGCLCs were supposed to be equivalent to E9.5 PGCs based on reporter fluorescent transgene expressions and epigenetic properties, and therefore E9.5 PGCs were also inckuded in this analysis. Because epiblast and E9.5 PGCs are of a small number of cells in embryos (a few hundred to thousand cells), cDNAs were amplified with a quantitative global PCR method (Kurimoto et al., 2006, Nucleic Acids Research) for microarray analyses. We took two biological replicate for each cell type.

Dataset Information

Human PGC commitment shares key gene dynamics to mouse, but owns a unique PRDM14 expression pattern

Publications

Human primordial germ cell commitment in vitro associates with a unique PRDM14 expression profile.

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