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Dusp9 expression and function in dendritic cells

ABSTRACT: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) efficiently produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, whereas conventional DCs (cDC) predominantly secrete high levels of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12. The molecular basis underlying this distinct phenotype is not well understood. Here, we identified the MAPK phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 by transcriptome analysis as selectively expressed in pDC, but not cDC. We confirmed the constitutive expression of Dusp9 at the protein level in pDC generated in vitro by culture with Flt3L and ex vivo in sorted splenic pDC. Dusp9 expression was low in B220- bone marrow precursors and was up-regulated during pDC differentiation, concomitant with established pDC markers. Higher expression of Dusp9 in pDC correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK1/2 upon TLR9 stimulation. Notably, Dusp9 was not expressed at detectable levels in human pDC, although these displayed similarly impaired activation of ERK1/2 MAPK compared to cDC. Enforced retroviral expression of Dusp9 in mouse GM-CSF-induced cDC increased the expression of TLR7/9-induced IL-12p40 and IFNwhereas IL-10 levels were diminished. Taken together, our results suggest that the species-specific, selective expression of Dusp9 in murine pDC contributes to the differential cytokine/interferon output of pDC and cDC. pDC and cDC subsets were purified from mouse spleens to high purity and analysed by Affymetrix GeneChips.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Roland Lang

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-54120 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Dusp9 expression and function in dendritic cells

Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) efficiently produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, whereas conventional DCs (cDC) predominantly secrete high levels of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12. The molecular basis underlying this distinct phenotype is not well understood. Here, we identified the MAPK phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 by transcriptome analysis as selectively expressed in pDC, but not cDC. We confirmed the constitutive expression of Dusp9 at the protein level in pDC generated in vitro by culture with Flt3L and ex vivo in sorted splenic pDC. Dusp9 expression was low in B220- bone marrow precursors and was up-regulated during pDC differentiation, concomitant with established pDC markers. Higher expression of Dusp9 in pDC correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK1/2 upon TLR9 stimulation. Notably, Dusp9 was not expressed at detectable levels in human pDC, although these displayed similarly impaired activation of ERK1/2 MAPK compared to cDC. Enforced retroviral expression of Dusp9 in mouse GM-CSF-induced cDC increased the expression of TLR7/9-induced IL-12p40 and IFNwhereas IL-10 levels were diminished. Taken together, our results suggest that the species-specific, selective expression of Dusp9 in murine pDC contributes to the differential cytokine/interferon output of pDC and cDC.

2015-06-26 | GSE54120 | GEO

MicroRNA profiling of mouse conventional dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dentritic cells and CD4 T cells

Project description:MicroRNA profiling of mouse murine pDC and cDC dendritic cell subsets obtained from Flt3L/SCF-supplemented bone marrow cultures

2010-09-10 | E-MTAB-186 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray analysis of WT ESAM+ and ESAM- cDC subsets

Project description:Defense against attaching and effacing (A/E) bacteria requires the sequential generation of IL-23 and IL-22 to induce protective mucosal responses. While the critical source of IL-22 has been identified as CD4+ and Nkp46+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the precise source of IL-23 is unclear. Here, we use genetic techniques to deplete specific classical dendritic cell (cDC) subsets and analyze immunity to the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We find that Zbtb46+ cDCs, and specifically Notch2-dependent intestinal CD11b+ cDCs, but not Batf3-dependent CD103+ cDCs, are required for IL-23 production and immunity against C. rodentium. Notch2 controls cDC differentiation at a terminal step mediated by lymphotoxin signaling. Importantly, these results provide the first demonstration of a non-redundant function of CD11b+ cDCs in vivo. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in ESAM+ and ESAM- CD11b+ and DEC205+ splenic classical DC subsets. Splenocytes were harvested from WT C57Bl/6 or WT Cx3cr1-gfp mice and cDC subsets sorted to >95% purity on the FACSAriaII.

2013-06-01 | E-GEOD-45679 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Microarray analysis of WT and Notch2-deficient classical DC subsets

Project description:Defense against attaching and effacing (A/E) bacteria requires the sequential generation of IL-23 and IL-22 to induce protective mucosal responses. While the critical source of IL-22 has been identified as CD4+ and Nkp46+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the precise source of IL-23 is unclear. Here, we use genetic techniques to deplete specific classical dendritic cell (cDC) subsets and analyze immunity to the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We find that Zbtb46+ cDCs, and specifically Notch2-dependent intestinal CD11b+ cDCs, but not Batf3-dependent CD103+ cDCs, are required for IL-23 production and immunity against C. rodentium. Notch2 controls cDC differentiation at a terminal step mediated by lymphotoxin signaling. Importantly, these results provide the first demonstration of a non-redundant function of CD11b+ cDCs in vivo. Analysis of Notch2-dependent genes in CD11b+ and DEC205+ splenic classical DC subsets. Splenocytes were harvested from littermate WT Notch2 f/f C57Bl/6 or Notch2 CD11c-cre C57Bl/6 mice and DC subsets sorted to >95% purity on the FACSAriaII.

2013-06-01 | E-GEOD-45681 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Regulates TLR9 but not TLR7 Signaling in Human pDCs

Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can be activated by the endosomal TLRs, and contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by producing type I IFNs. Thus, blocking TLR-mediated pDC activation may represent a useful approach for the treatment of SLE. In an attempt to identify a therapeutic target for blocking TLR signaling in pDCs, we investigated the contribution of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) to the activation of pDCs by TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation by using a selective Btk inhibitor RN486. Stimulation of TLR7 and 9 with their respective agonist, namely, gardiquimod and type A CpG ODN2216, resulted in the activation of human pDCs, as demonstrated by the expression of activation markers (CD69, CD40, and CD86), elevated production of IFN-alpha and other inflammatory cytokines, as well as up-regulation of numerous genes including IFN-alpha-inducible genes and activation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and NF-kB. RN486 inhibited all of these events induced by TLR9, but not TLR7 stimulation, with a nanomolar potency for inhibiting type A CpG ODN2216-mediated production of cytokines (e.g., IC50=386 nM for inhibiting IFN-alpha). Our data reveal Btk as an important regulatory enzyme in the TLR9 pathway, and a potential therapeutic target for SLE and other TLR-driven diseases. pDCs from healthy donors (n=4) were treated with gardiquimod (TLR7 agonist) or ODN 2216 (TLR9 agonist) with or without BTK inhibitor for 3 hours.

2015-10-24 | E-GEOD-41825 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional repression of IRF7 by MYC is critical for antiviral immune response in human pDC [pDC]

Project description:Type I interferons (IFN) are crucial mediators of human innate and adaptive immunity and are massively produced from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). IRF7 is a critical regulator of type I IFN production when pathogens are detected by TLR7/9 in pDC. However, hyperactivation of pDC can cause life-threatening autoimmune diseases. To avoid the deleterious effects of aberrant pDC activation, tight regulation of IRF7 is required. Nonetheless, the detailed mechanisms of how IRF7 transcription is regulated in pDC are still elusive. To this end, we identified the global gene expression changes after stimulation of human primary pDC with the TLR9 agonist CpGB. We identified that the transcription factor MYC is prominently upregulated upon CpGB engagement in pDC. Moreover, when we knocked down MYC in the pDC-like cell line GEN2.2, production of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was dramatically increased and was further enhanced by CpGB. Interestingly, MYC is shown to be recruited to the IRF7 promoter region through interaction with NCOR2/HDAC3 for its repression, and HDAC3 inhibition enhanced IRF7 expression and IFNβ production. Interestingly, activation of TLR9-mediated NF-kB and MAPK and nuclear translocation of IRF7 were greatly enhanced by MYC depletion. Pharmaceutical inhibition of MYC recovered IRF7 expression, further confirming the negative role of MYC in the antiviral response by pDC. Furthermore, the inverse correlation of MYC and IRF7 was validated in psoriasis skin sample datasets. Therefore, our results identify the novel immunomodulatory role of MYC in human pDC and may add to our understanding of aberrant pDC function in autoimmune diseases.

2018-06-01 | GSE70277 | GEO

Transcriptional repression of IRF7 by MYC is critical for antiviral immune response in human pDC [GEN2.2]

2016-11-30 | GSE70276 | GEO

Transcriptional repression of IRF7 by MYC is critical for antiviral immune response in human pDC [ChIP-seq]

2016-11-30 | GSE70275 | GEO

Tissue-specific differentiation of a circulating CCR9- pDC-like common dendritic cell precursor

Project description:Committed precursors of conventional dendritic cells (pre-cDCs) derived from the common DC progenitor which differentiate into cDC subpopulations in peripheral tissues have been identified, but committed precursors for plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have not been found. Here we show that CDP-derived ‘CCR9- MHCIIlow BST2+ Siglec-H+ pDCs from murine bone marrow which enter the circulation and peripheral tissues have a common DC precursor function in vivo in the steady state. Upon adoptive transfer the fate of CCR9- pDC-like precursors is governed by the tissues they enter. In the bone marrow and liver most transferred CCR9- pDC-like precursors differentiate into CCR9+ pDCs, whereas in peripheral lymphoid organs, lung and intestine they can give rise to CCR9+ pDCs and cDCs. Thus, CCR9- pDC-like cells are novel CDP-derived circulating DC precursors with pDC and cDC potential, whose final differentiation depends on tissue-specific factors allowing adaptation to local requirements. Total RNA obtained from CCR9- pDC-like common DC progenitors and CCR9+ pDCs was compared for differential gene expression. 3 independent isolations were performed for the 2 samples. 6 arrays were run in total.

2012-05-15 | E-GEOD-37996 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) after the deletion of transcription factor E2-2

Project description:The interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) share common progenitors with antigen-presenting classical dendritic cells (cDC), yet they possess distinct morphology and molecular features resembling those of lymphocytes. It is unclear whether the unique cell fate of PDC is actively maintained in the steady state. We report that the deletion of transcription factor E2-2 from mature peripheral PDC caused their spontaneous differentiation into cells with cDC properties. This included the loss of PDC markers, increase in MHC class II expression and T cell priming capacity, acquisition of dendritic morphology and induction of cDC signature genes. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed direct binding of E2-2 to key PDC-specific and lymphoid genes, as well as to certain genes enriched in cDC. Thus, E2-2 actively maintains the cell fate of mature PDC and opposes the “default” cDC fate, in part through direct regulation of lineage-specific gene expression programs. Inducible deletion of E2-2 (Tcf4) has been performed by administering tamoxifen to conditional E2-2flox/flox Rosa26-CreER+ mice or to E2-2flox/flox Rosa26-CreER- control littermates. Four or six days later total splenocytes were isolated, pooled from 2-3 mice and PDC (CD11b- B220+ CD11clow Bst2+) were isolated by sorting. Global gene expression profiles of E2-2-deficient (null) and control (Ctrl) PDC were compared using Affymetrix microarrays (GPL1261).

2010-12-21 | E-GEOD-24726 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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