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Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Degradome in cells performing invasion vs cells performing angiogenesis in human placenta

ABSTRACT: We hypothesized altered expression of proteases in cells capable of physiological invasion vs angiogenesis. We analyzed trophoblasts isolated from first trimester placenta that are invasive, and placental endothelial cells that gave a high angiogenic potential. We found different expression levels of most proteases. We found that the expression of proteases differs in cells performing invasion vs cells performing angiogenesis. Trophoblasts were isolated from first trimester placenta, endothelial cells were isolated from third trimester placenta. A pool of 5 preparations from different cell types was used for each microarray.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Silvija Cvitic

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-59126 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Different Preference of Degradome in Invasion versus Angiogenesis

Project description:We hypothesized altered expression of Proteases in calls capable of physiological invasion vs angiogenesis. We analyzed trophoblasts isolated from first trimester placenta that are invasive, and placental endothelial cells, that gave a high angiogenic potential. We found different expression levels of most proteases. We found that the expression of proteases differes in cells performing invasion vs cells performing angiogenesis.

2015-05-20 | GSE59126 | GEO

Genome-wide analysis of the JAM-C over-expressed trophoblasts

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Microarray of human primary CD16+ monocytes treated with fractalkine (CX3CL1) against untreated controls

Project description:This experiment is a part of the larger study on angiotensin II role in the upregulation of the CX3CL1 expression and its release in human first trimester placenta. CX3CL1 (or fractalkine) is chemokine involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which can be secreted by trophoblasts, initiating the cross talk with monocytes. Thus, we performed the microarray experiment to study the effects of recombinant human CX3CL1 on the transcriptome of human primary monocytes.

2019-02-08 | E-MTAB-7484 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hypoxia induced HIF-1/HIF-2 activity alters trophoblast transcriptional regulation and promotes invasion

Project description:Reduced or absent cytotrophoblast invasion of the maternal uterine spiral arteries is a common clinical finding in studies of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, suggesting that the mechanisms behind invasion of these cells is perturbed. The placenta initially develops in a low oxygen environment of 1-2% oxygen until after the 10th week of pregnancy. During this time oxygen concentration exerts a major influence over trophoblast activity and, in vitro, hypoxia inducible factors are proposed to be one of many key regulators of first trimester trophoblast behaviour. We used a global gene expression microarray approach to identify signalling pathways involved in invasion of the first trimester trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo under hypoxic conditions where HIF-1 was active. Additionally, first trimester placental samples from different gestational age groups were labelled with anti HIF-1 and HIF-2 to evaluate whether HIFs are differentially expressed and localised across the period of development characterised by hypoxia (6-8 weeks) and maternal blood perfusion (10-12 weeks). Eighty-eight genes were differentially expressed between cells cultured in 1% oxygen (where HIF-1 was localised to the nucleus) and 5% oxygen (where HIF-1 was cytoplasmic). 65% of the genes were predicted to contain HIF-1α:ARNT transcription factor binding sites. Increased nuclear localisation of HIF-1α was seen in extravillous cytotrophoblasts in early first trimester compared with late, while cellular expression of HIF-2α in the villous stroma was higher in late first trimester. While HIFs and their downstream targets are clearly induced in trophoblasts during early placental development, and in vitro hypoxic conditions, the mechanism and pathways by which invasion is increased under hypoxic conditions is not clear from the gene expression profile. Further insight beyond the transcription level is required to fully understand this complex phenomenon.

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Placental infection single-cell and single-nuclei maps

Project description:This resource comprises a single-cell multi-lineage map of first trimester infected placental cells. We have included data from both uninfected cells and cells infected with three pathogens known to cause maternal and fetal disorders: Plasmodium falciparum, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii. We also generated single-nuclei map of infected trophoblasts and their corresponding controls. Furthermore, we created a single-nuclei reference dataset containing information from uninfected primary placental organoids as well as organoids infected with P. falciparum. Additionally, we conducted sequencing at a single-cell level for P. falciparum parasites that were bound to the placenta (pf_b), parasites unbound to the placenta (pf_nb), and parasites that were cultured in vitro (pf_iv).

2024-03-01 | E-MTAB-12795 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hypoxia induces trophoblast migration and invasion gene pathways, a subset of which are reduced in preeclampsia

Project description:Placentation requires the proper regulation of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) migration and invasion into the decidua and maternal vasculature, processes which are initiated in physiologic hypoxic conditions. Abnormal EVT migration and/or invasion have been suggested to lead to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia. The objectives of this study are to determine how exposure to hypoxia impacts gene expression and cellular motility of first trimester trophoblasts, and to assess if expression of migration-associated genes is dysregulated in 2nd trimester chorionic villous samples (CVS) from preeclampsia pregnancies relative to CVS from healthy pregnancies. The 1st trimester trophoblast cell line, HTR8/SVneo, was used to investigate the relationship between hypoxia and Notch signaling in trophoblast migration and invasion. RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analyses show that exposure to hypoxia (2.5% O2) activates Notch signaling in HTR-8/SVneo. We demonstrate that exposure of HTR-8/SVneo to hypoxia induces expression of genes associated with cellular migration and invasion and increases HTR-8/SVneo cellular migration and invasion, whereas inhibition of gamma-secretase decreases Notch signaling and decreases HTR-8/SVneo migration and invasion. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from CVS of preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancies identified significant differentially expressed genes that are involved in cellular migration and invasion. Decreased expression of migration and invasion genes in CVS from preeclampsia pregnancies, may impair trophoblast migration and invasion in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, resulting in the development of preeclampsia.

2021-08-05 | GSE155750 | GEO

3a54a790-48f9-4e86-8e54-1f0796dc6684 - samples

Project description:Human placenta samples from 52: 5 first trimester , 7 second trimester, and 40 term placenta. Data is uploaded as BAM files.

| EGAD00001007766 | EGA

Sexually dimorphic crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface

Project description:The first trimester is a critical window of maternal-fetal communication for pregnancy. Using single cell RNA-sequencing to dissect placenta heterogeneity, we identified five major cell types (trophoblasts, stromal cells, hofbauer cells, antigen presenting cells and endothelial cells). We identified seven unique trophoblast subclusters, including new subtypes that transition into the terminal cell types, extra-villous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. As fetal sex impacts pregnancy, we analyzed sex differences in each cell type and identified differences in immune cell function. TGFβ1, β-estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone emerge as upstream regulators of sexually dimorphic genes in a cell type specific manner. Thus, the fetal contribution at the maternal-fetal interface is cell and sex specific.

2020-08-20 | GSE131696 | GEO

miRNAs as Common Regulators of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Pathway in the Preeclamptic Placenta and Cadmium-treated Trophoblasts: Links between the Environment, the Epigenome and Preeclampsia

Project description:Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria that can cause adverse health effects in both mother and fetus. There is no current cure for PE other than delivery of the fetus. While the etiology is unknown, poor placentation of the placenta due to aberrant signaling of growth and angiogenic factors has been postulated as causal factors of PE. In addition, environmental contaminants, such as the metal cadmium (Cd), have been linked to placental toxicity and increased risk of developing PE. Here, we use a translational study design to investigate genomic and epigenomic alterations in both placentas and placental trophoblasts, focused on the angiogenesis-associated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway. Genes within the TGF-β pathway displayed increased expression in both the preeclamptic placenta and Cd-treated trophoblasts. In addition, miRNAs that target the TGF-β pathway were also significantly altered within the preeclamptic placenta and Cd-treated trophoblasts. Integrative analysis resulted in the identification of a subset of Cd-responsive miRNAs, including miR-26a and miR-155, common to preeclamptic placentas and Cd-treated trophoblasts. These miRNAs have previously been linked to PE and are predicted to regulate members of the TGF-β pathway. Results from this study provide future targets for PE treatment.

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VE-cadherin is essential for trophoblast migration and endovascular invasion

Project description:Vascular endothelial (VE-)cadherin is a homotypic adhesion protein that is expressed selectively by ECs in which it enables formation of tight vessels and regulation of vascular permeability. Since VE-cadherin is also strongly expressed in placental trophoblasts, it is a prime candidate for a molecular mechanism of vascular mimicry by those cells. Here, we show that the VE-cadherin is required for trophoblast migration and endovascular invasion into the maternal decidua. VE-cadherin deficiency results in loss of spiral artery remodeling due to a lack of invasive trophoblasts, leading to decreased flow of maternal blood into the placenta, fetal growth retardation and death. Loss of trophoblast invasion prevents decidualization, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune cell clearance. These studies identify VE-cadherin as essential for trophoblast migration and coordination of decidual changes during endovascular invasion. They further suggest endothelial proteins such as VE-cadherin that are expressed by trophoblasts may play functionally distinct roles that do not simply mimic those in ECs.

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