Kidney of MFP2-/-
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Marion Horsch
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-6295 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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2009-09-01 | E-GEOD-8373 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene is a member of the albumin gene family and encodes a serum glycoprotein with an onco-fetal pattern of expression. AFP is produced in high concentrations during embryonic life by the hepatocytes and the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and to a lesser extent by the developing gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Alpha-fetoprotein is the major serum fetal protein in mammals, with a concentration that reaches the order of several mg/ml. Its synthesis decreases dramatically shortly after birth to reach only trace amounts a few weeks later but can be restored during life when liver pathologies or some types of tumors develop (hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatoma, teratocarcinoma, and some pancreatic and renal tumors). AFP is then mainly expressed by the adult liver. AFP produced by the embryo is secreted in the amniotic fluid and is able to cross the placental barrier to reach the maternal blood circulation, where its titer is used as a diagnostic marker to reveal developmental anomalies of the fetus. Abnormally high levels of AFP in the maternal serum indicates elevated risk for neural tube defects of the fetus such as spina bifida or anencephaly, whereas abnormally low levels indicates elevated risk for a Down’s syndrome. Measurements of the AFP levels in the maternal serum are undertaken at 14-22 weeks of each pregnancy and are part, along with unconjugated estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin and inhibin A, of the quadruple test for antenatal Down’s syndrome screening. Abnormal AFP levels can also be indicative of other fetal pathologies. The reason why these pathologies induce abnormal levels of AFP is still not known. Homozygous Afp knock-out females (AFP KO) are sterile, due to anovulation. Ovaries contain mature follicles and are functional, but lack a proper signal from the hypothalamic-pituitarian axis (HPG) in order to ovulate. The expression profile of several genes in the HPG is impaired. Furthermore, AFP KO females are masculinized and defeminized. They exhibit a loss of female sexual behaviour (no lordosis) and a male pattern of tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons distribution in some sexual dimorphic areas of the brain. The phenotype of those mice is a consequence of an estrogen overexposure of their brains during the perinatal period. This phenotype can be reversed if these mice develop in an embryonic environment strongly reduced in estrogens. Homozygous AFP KO mice that developed in those conditions are fertile in adulthood (no further treatment needed), and exhibit proper sexual behaviour. cDNA microarray analysis of embryonic and adult liver tissue of AFP1 kO mice. Single mutant mice were analysed versus a pool of wt RNA in two technical replicates (only for adult tissue) including a dye swap experiment. In total 6 adult mutant male mice and 6 embryos (3 male and 3 female) were analysed
2011-01-01 | E-GEOD-20561 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Col1a1 is located on mouse distal chromosome 11 (Celera 94607393-94622990bp; 15kb) and encodes type I procollagen that associates stoichiometrically with col1a2 in forming secreted type I mature collagen that self-assembles into a supramolecular fibrillar structure consisting of a protein family. Type I collagens are predominantly enriched in bone, cartilage, skin, tendons, and eye (i.e. in major fibrous tissues) making up the main extracellular matrix (ECM) component for support and scaffolding purposes. Col1a1 is known to be expressed in the embryo (E9.5; Northern dot blot), perioptic mesenchyme (E11), cornea (E11), skeleton (E14.5), brain meninges (E14.5), and cartilage (E14.5) at relatively early stages. Most evidence of type I collagen function is coupled to the latter stages of skeletal development, thus bypassing the major events of axis formation, tissue differentiation, and mesenchlymal-epithial interactions, for example, that are more symbolic of morphogens and growth factors. Members of the integrin cell surface receptor family of molecules mediate cell adhesion to ECM proteins such as collagen (mainly to type IV basement membrane collagen that forms into a polygonal meshwork), fibronectin, and laminin implicated in wound healing and inflammatory responses (e.g. Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis) in connective tissues. There is some evidence for protein-protein interactions between leukocyte-associated integrins and the interstitial matrix in promoting the migration and/or activation of extravasated leukocytes (e.g., T cells and monocytes) within the perivascular compartment, an ECM-rich environment. This region is surmised to be an important location where certain human leukocytes undergo differentiation (e.g. monocytes) and activation (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes) upon extravascular migration. The von Willebrand factor (vWF), type C motif is found in various plasma proteins like complement factors, the integrins, collagen types, and other extracellular proteins. Thus, the majority of vWF-containing proteins are extracellular and a common feature appears to be involvement in multi protein complexes participating in numerous biological events (e.g. cell adhesion, migration, homing, pattern formation, and signal transduction). Three organs (lung, heart and bone) of 5 AGA002 mutant mice (age 2x 10 days and 3x 11 days) were analysed by cDNA microarray technology. As reference five mice, 11 days old were used 50% of the chip hybridisations are dye swap experiments.
2010-06-01 | E-GEOD-12847 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:NADPH oxidases are the only know enzyme family that has reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g. superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) as their main metabolic product. They are therefore a prima candidate gene family to define a molecular source for ROS in physiology and pathophysiology. The type 4 NADPH oxidase (NOX4) is the most abundant isoform with the highest basal expression levels.The Nox4 knockout mouse was designed using a cre/lox recombination technique which allows to create either constitutive (type III recombination) and conditional (type I recombination) knockout alleles. cDNA microarray experiments of brain, kidney, muscle and pancreas of four male mutant mice versus a RNA pool of four male wild type mice. For each animal two technical replicates were performed including a dye swap experiment. All animals with the same age of 17 weeks on a C57BL/6 background.
2011-01-01 | E-GEOD-20400 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Production of viable and fertile mice have been reported by nuclear replacement, however, the reasons behind the frequent deformations among foetuses and progeny are not well understood. Activation and in vitro culture methods are also important. Origin of the nuclear donor cells affects success rates, and their survival in culture varies. It has been reported that offspring of nuclear replacement parental mice were normal and fertile. All epigenetic problems in the parents seem to be erased when cell nuclei go through the germ line. cDNA microarray analysis compared expression patterns of Dll1 ko versus Dll1 ko NT (NT = nuclear transfer) and wt versus wt NT of liver and spleen. The aim of this study was analysis of possible epigenetic effects by cloning in the offspring of the 3rd generation. If the 3rd generation cloned animals are indeed phenotypically equivalent to conventional transgenic mouse models then this would open the possibility to develop novel techniques of genetic engineering based on somatic gene targeting and nuclear replacement. four male animals of each cohort (Dll1 conventional transgenic mouse, Dll1 nuclear transfer mouse, wildtype, wildtye nuclear transfer mouse). Two technical replicates including a colour flip experiment. For each analysed organ (liver, spleen) eight experiments including four biological replicates. As reference RNA pools were used
2011-01-01 | E-GEOD-20560 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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2011-09-30 | E-GEOD-28232 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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