Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

Uncovering the abilities of Agaricus bisporus to degrade plant biomass throughout its life cycle

ABSTRACT: The common edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus is a basidiomycete that thrives on decaying plant material in the forests and grasslands of North America and Europe. It is adapted to forest litter and contributes to global carbon recycling, degrading cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in plant biomass to oligomers and monomers. A. bisporus is also an edible mushroom that is widely cultivated and economically important. However, relatively little is known about how A. bisporus grows in this controlled environment and utilizes its substrate. Using transcriptomics and proteomics, we showed that changes in plant biomass degradation by A. bisporus occur throughout its life cycle. Ligninolytic genes were highly expressed during the spawning stage day 16 and had low expression during all the other growth stages which could indicate that lignin is not modified after the spawning stage. Our results also revealed differences in gene expression involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation between the first and second flushes. This could partially explain the reduction in the number of mushrooms during the second flush. This study compares the gene expression of A. bisporus A15 at different stages of its life cycle using the controlled environment of indoor commercial cultivation. The samples were taken at the spawning stage, primordial stage, first flush, after first flush, second flush and after second flush, respectively

ORGANISM(S): Agaricus bisporus

SUBMITTER: miaomiao Zhou

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-65800 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Uncovering the abilities of Agaricus bisporus to degrade plant biomass throughout its life cycle.

Patyshakuliyeva Aleksandrina A Post Harm H Zhou Miaomiao M Jurak Edita E Heck Albert J R AJ Hildén Kristiina S KS Kabel Mirjam A MA Mäkelä Miia R MR Altelaar Maarten A F MA de Vries Ronald P RP

Environmental microbiology 20150804 8

The economically important edible basidiomycete mushroom Agaricus bisporus thrives on decaying plant material in forests and grasslands of North America and Europe. It degrades forest litter and contributes to global carbon recycling, depolymerizing (hemi-)cellulose and lignin in plant biomass. Relatively little is known about how A. bisporus grows in the controlled environment in commercial production facilities and utilizes its substrate. Using transcriptomics and proteomics, we showed that ch ...[more]

PMID: 26118398

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Project description:Agaricus bisporus is a soil-inhabiting fungus which is cultivated for production of white button mushrooms. A disease of A. bisporus has been previously described with a range of disease symptoms (yield loss, pinning delay, cap distortions and cap browning) which has been given collective name of “Mushroom Virus X” (MVX). The causes of this disease are not clear however prior to this research an association was found between the disease and double-stranded RNA molecules in the mushroom fruitbodies. The experiment was designed to examine causes and host responses of the disease causing the Brown Cap symptom in the cultivated mushroom A. bisporus. This microarray experiment was performed before the Agaricus bisporus genome was sequenced. The gene sequences used to design probes were from known and novel A. bisporus sequences and sequences of transcript fragments identified by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization of non-symptomatic and virus-diseased A. bisporus mushroom fruitbodies. The A. bisporus mushroom fruitbodies were grown on composted wheat straw using commercial cultivation procedures. The gene expression comparison was made of RNA isolated from 32 mushroom fruitbodies (Agaricus bisporus) samples: 20 samples from 5 separate virus-infected commercial mushroom farms with crops displaying the brown symptom (4 replicate samples per farm) and 12 samples from a non-infected crop grown at the University of Warwick. The precise composition of the viral load was the subject of this and future research/papers. Abstract of Manuscript submitted to Applied and Environmental Microbiology: Characterizing the viral agents causing brown cap mushroom disease of Agaricus bisporus by Daniel Eastwood, Julian Green, Helen Grogan, and Kerry Burton (Paper #AEM01093-15). The symptoms of viral infections of fungi range from cryptic to severe but there is little knowledge of the factors involved in this transition of fungal/viral interactions. Brown Cap Mushroom Disease of the cultivated Agaricus bisporus is economically important and represents a model system to describe this transition. Differentially expressed transcript fragments between mushrooms showing the symptoms of Brown Cap Mushroom Disease and control white non-infected mushrooms have been identified and sequenced. Ten of these RNA fragments have been found to be up-regulated over a thousand-fold between diseased and non-diseased tissue but are absent from the Agaricus bisporus genome sequence and hybridise to double-stranded RNA’s extracted from diseased tissue. We hypothesize these transcript fragments are viral and represent components of the disease-causing agent, a bipartite virus with similarities to the family Partitiviridae. The virus fragments were found at two distinct levels within infected mushrooms, at raised levels in infected, non-symptomatic, white coloured mushrooms and much greater levels (3,500-87,000 times greater) in infected mushrooms exhibiting brown colouration. In addition, differential screening revealed 9 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated host Agaricus bisporus transcripts. Chromametric analysis was able to distinguish colour differences between non-infected white mushrooms and white infected mushrooms at an early stage of mushroom growth. This method may be the basis for an ‘on-farm’ disease detection assay. A gene expression comparison was made between diseased mushroom displaying the brown cap symptom with characteristic double-strand RNA profiles (banding pattern on gels) and non-symptomatic virus-free mushrooms. In total RNA was isolated from 32 mushroom fruitbody (Agaricus bisporus) samples: 20 samples from 5 separate virus-infected commercial mushroom farms with crops displaying the brown symptom (4 replicate samples per farm) and 12 samples from a non-infected crop grown at the University of Warwick. Commercially-grown mushrooms are produced in “flushes” at approximately weekly intervals. The samples were collected from commercial farms when symptoms were reported to us but these were from different flushes: Farm1 from the 2nd flush; Farm 2 from the 1st flush; Farm 3 from the 3rd flush; Farm 4 from the 1st flush; and Farm 9 from the 1st flush. To allow for comparisons on the basis of Flush Number, the non-infected mushrooms grown at the University of Warwick were sampled from the first, second and third flushes, 4 mushrooms sampled from each flush.

Project description:Sexual maturation causes loss of fish muscle mass and deterioration of fillet quality attributes that prevent market purpose. We recently showed that fillet yield and flesh quality are recovered in female trout after spawning. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating flesh quality recovery we conducted a time-course analysis of large-scale gene expression in trout muscle from spawning to 33 weeks post-spawning. Using an Agilent-based microarray plate-form, we identified about 5500 unique genes that were differentially expressed during the post-spawning period. These genes segregated into four major clusters with distinct temporal expression profile and functional categories. A first cluster containing around 2000 genes down-regulated after 4 weeks after spawning was enriched in genes linked to mitochondrial ATP synthesis, fatty acid catabolism and proteolysis. A second cluster comprising about 1200 genes with early and transient induction between 2 to 8 weeks post-spawning was enriched in genes involved in RNA processing, translation, ribosome biogenesis and protein folding. A third cluster containing about 700 genes up-regulated from 4 weeks post-spawning onwards was enriched in genes encoding ribosomal subunits or regulating translation and cell cycle. At last a fourth cluster which contained about 1000 genes with late up-regulation from 13 weeks post- spawning onwards, was dominated by genes encoding myofibrillar proteins and matricial components and genes involved in glycolysis. On the whole our study indicates that muscle tissue restoration and flesh quality recovery occurring after spawning is mainly associated with anaerobic ATP production, muscle fibre hypertrophic growth, fatty acid metabolism and extracellular matrix remodelling. The generation of the first database of genes associated with post-spawning muscle recovery will allow future mechanistic studies and facilitate identification of genetic markers for fish muscle yield and quality traits.

Dataset Information

Uncovering the abilities of Agaricus bisporus to degrade plant biomass throughout its life cycle

Publications

Uncovering the abilities of Agaricus bisporus to degrade plant biomass throughout its life cycle.

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