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Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and compromise telomere shortening in mice

ABSTRACT: Calorie restriction is known to extend lifespan among organisms by a debating mechanism underlying nitric oxide-driven mitochondrial biogenesis. We report here that nitric oxide generators including artemisinin, sodium nitroprusside, and L-arginine mimics calorie restriction and resembles hydrogen peroxide to initiate the nitric oxide signaling cascades and to elicit the global antioxidative responses in mice. The large quantities of antioxidant enzymes are correlated with the low levels of reactive oxygen species, which allow the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and accessory DNA repair partners, eventually leading to the compromise of telomere shortening. Accompanying with the up-regulation of kinases, acetylases, and biomarkers, mitochondrial biogenesis occurs with the elevation of adenosine triphosphate levels upon exposure of mouse skeletal muscles to the mimetics of calorie restriction. In conclusion, calorie restriction-triggered nitric oxide provides antioxidative protection and alleviates telomere attrition via mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby maintaining chromosomal stability and integrity, which are the hallmarks of longevity. Six samples were analyzed, in which a control sample was included.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Qing-Ping Zeng

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-65993 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and compromise telomere shortening in mice

Project description:Calorie restriction is known to extend lifespan among organisms by a debating mechanism underlying nitric oxide-driven mitochondrial biogenesis. We report here that nitric oxide generators including artemisinin, sodium nitroprusside, and L-arginine mimics calorie restriction and resembles hydrogen peroxide to initiate the nitric oxide signaling cascades and to elicit the global antioxidative responses in mice. The large quantities of antioxidant enzymes are correlated with the low levels of reactive oxygen species, which allow the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and accessory DNA repair partners, eventually leading to the compromise of telomere shortening. Accompanying with the up-regulation of kinases, acetylases, and biomarkers, mitochondrial biogenesis occurs with the elevation of adenosine triphosphate levels upon exposure of mouse skeletal muscles to the mimetics of calorie restriction. In conclusion, calorie restriction-triggered nitric oxide provides antioxidative protection and alleviates telomere attrition via mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby maintaining chromosomal stability and integrity, which are the hallmarks of longevity.

2015-02-18 | GSE65993 | GEO

Mus musculus

Project description:Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and compromise telomere shortening in mice

| PRJNA275649 | ENA

PRC SiRNA vs scramble transfection in XTC.UC1 cells

Project description:PGC-1 related coactivator (PRC) shares structural and functional features with PGC-1{alpha}. It regulates several metabolic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis. Its specific role in the early programming of cell proliferation suggests a finely regulated crosstalk between the mitochondrial functions and the cell cycle status. To explore the PRC-regulated pathways, we used a cell-line model of mitochondrial-rich tumors, presenting an oxidative metabolism and a specific increase in PRC expression. Microarray studies of temporal PRC invalidation in these XTC.UC1 cells were compared to the functional status of the mitochondria as well as to the expression level of genes and proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation process. Compared with what was observed for PGC-1{alpha}, we explored the role of nitric oxide in the PRC-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis. We proved that nitric oxide rapidly influences the expression of PRC at the transcriptional level. Focusing on mitochondrial energy metabolism, we demonstrated that PRC differentially controls the respiratory chain complexes and the coupling efficiency, in order to conserve a sufficient level of ATP and to protect the cell from oxidative stress. Our results highlight the key role of the PRC coactivator in the fine modulation of metabolic functions in response to the cell cycle status. Keywords: Transcriptionnal coactivator invalidation by SiRNA Expression profiles at 0h, 12h, 24h and 48h of PRC SIRNA treatment compared to scramble and referred to time of 20% serum induction. Expression profiles of PRC SIRNA and scramble during serum starvation were referred as -1.

2010-05-14 | E-GEOD-14282 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PRC SiRNA vs scramble transfection in XTC.UC1 cells

2009-01-07 | GSE14282 | GEO

Skeletal muscle PGC-1a mediates mitochondrial, but not metabolic, changes during calorie restriction.

Project description:Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that extends lifespan and healthspan in a variety of organisms. CR improves mitochondrial energy production, fuel oxidation and reactive oxygen species scavenging in skeletal muscle and other tissues, and these processes are thought to be critical to the benefits of CR. PGC-1a is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial function and is induced by CR. Consequently, many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are attributed to increased PGC-1a activity. To test this model for the first time, we examined the metabolic and mitochondrial response to CR in mice lacking skeletal muscle PGC-1a (MKO). Surprisingly, MKO mice demonstrated a normal improvement in glucose homeostasis in response to CR, indicating that skeletal muscle PGC-1a is dispensable for the whole-body benefits of CR. In contrast, gene expression profiling and electron microscopy demonstrated that PGC-1a is required for the full CR-induced increases in mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that PGC-1a is a major regulator of the mitochondrial response to CR in skeletal muscle, but surprisingly show that neither PGC-1a nor mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle are required for the metabolic benefits of CR. Control (FLOX) and PGC-1a skeletal muscle specific knock out (MKO) mice were placed on a control diet [C] or a calorie restriction diet [CR] for 12 weeks. RNA was isolated from TA/EDL muscles for microarray analysis. The following numbers of mice were analyzed from each group: C FLOX: n = 6; C MKO: n = 7; CR FLOX: n = 6; CR MKO: n = 7. Mice were mixed C57/BL6 and 129 background.

2012-02-04 | E-GEOD-34773 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of pig coronary arterial endothelial cells by multiple passaging in vitro

Project description:Nitric oxide helps to prevent endothelial dysfunction and senescence. This study aimed to define genomic and proteomic changes in cultured porcine senescent endothelial cells and their resemblance with those observed in regenerated endothelial cells. Senescent endothelial cells were produced by passaging primary porcine coronary arterial endothelial cells until passage four. The protein presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cyclic GMP levels [basal and during stimulation (bradykinin and A23187)], were reduced. The mRNA expression level was measured by microarray assays. Genes related to oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 3, glutathione S-transferase M1] were downregulated, extracellular matrix components (type III collagen, thrombospondin 1 and 3, transforming growth factor ?) upregulated and nuclear factor kappa B (NF?B)-signaling pathway [IkappaB, TNF receptor-associated factor 1 and 5 (TRAF1 and 5)] activated in senescent cells. The differential gene expression of MnSOD and TRAF5 was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting and biochemical assay (MnSOD). The basal and stimulated (by tumor necrosis factor-?)?levels of NF?B were augmented as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In summary, cultured senescent endothelial cells exhibit reduced nitric oxide production, and decreased antioxidative, proliferative capacities, augmented expression of extracellular matrix components and activation of NF?B. These molecular changes do not exactly mimick those occurring during endothelial regeneration in vivo. Experiment Overall Design: Totally 8 samples were analyzed with 4 replicates each for control (cells at passage one) and test (cells at passage four) samples.

2008-06-16 | E-GEOD-8974 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Oleic acid-dependent modulation of Nitric Oxide Associated 1 protein levels regulate nitric oxide mediate signaling in plant defense.

Project description:Oleic acid-dependent modulation of Nitric Oxide Associated 1 protein levels regulate nitric oxide- mediate signaling in plant defense. Nitric Oxide, Oleic acid, Salicylic acid, Arabidopsis, Defense

2012-08-01 | GSE36797 | GEO

Short telomeres compromise β-cell signaling and survival

Project description:The factors that underlie the increasing incidence of diabetes with age are poorly understood. We examined whether telomere length, known to decrease with age, plays a role in the age-dependent increased incidence of diabetes. We show that in mice with short telomeres, insulin secretion is impaired and leads to glucose intolerance despite the presence of an intact β-cell mass. Islets from mice with short telomeres displayed evidence of β-cell dysfunction, and in response to glucose, had defective mitochondrial membrane depolarization as well as Ca2+ handling which limited insulin release. Short telomeres induced the hallmarks of senescence including premature accumulation of p16INK4a, and altered gene expression of key pathways essential for signaling and insulin secretion. Short telomeres also had an additive damaging effect to endoplasmic reticulum stress which occurs in the late stages of type 2 diabetes. This manifested as more severe hyperglycemia in insulin mutant Akita mice which had a more profound loss of β-cell mass and increased β-cell apoptosis. Our data identify impaired signaling in the setting of senescence as a novel mechanism of telomere-mediated disease, and implicate telomere length as a determinant of risk and pathogenesis in diabetes.

2013-10-01 | GSE25040 | GEO

Exercise training markedly augments dietary weight loss-induced improvements in multi-organ system metabolic function in people with obesity and prediabetes

Project description:The additional therapeutic effects of regular exercise during a dietary weight loss program in people with obesity and prediabetes are unclear. We evaluated the effect of 10% weight loss, induced within ~5 months by calorie-restriction alone (Diet-ONLY, n=8) or calorie-restriction plus multi-modal exercise training (Diet+EX, n=8), on metabolic function in people with obesity and prediabetes. Whole-body (primarily muscle) and hepatic insulin sensitivity were 2-3 fold greater in the Diet+EX than the Diet-ONLY group, and were accompanied by increased muscle expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and angiogenesis in the Diet+EX group without any change in the Diet-ONLY group. There were no differences between groups in plasma branched-chain amino acids or markers of inflammation, and both interventions caused similar changes in the gut microbiome. These results demonstrate that adding regular exercise to a diet-induced weight loss program has profound metabolic benefits in people with obesity and prediabetes.

2023-04-26 | GSE230002 | GEO

Proteomic analysis of the liver isolated from the double (apolipoprotein E and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) knockout mice reveals decreased expression of major urinary proteins (MUPs)

Project description:Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial gaseous signaling molecule engaged in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. It is produced by three isoenzymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS): neuronal, inducible and endothelial NOS (eNOS). eNOS-derived NO plays an important role in endothelium-dependent vasodilation as well as in lipid and glucose homeostasis in the liver. In addition, it has been shown that NO exert a beneficial effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Thus, the aim of our study was to used iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics to investigate the changes in protein expression in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions isolated from the liver of the double (apolipoprotein E (apoE) and eNOS) knockout (apoE/eNOS-DKO) mice as compared to apoE-/- mice – an animal model of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our proteomic approach revealed the increased expression of proteins related to gluconeogenesis, fatty acids and cholesterol biosynthesis as well as the decreased expression of proteins participated in triglyceride breakdown, cholesterol transport, protein transcription & translation and processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, one of the most down-regulated proteins were major urinary proteins (MUPs), which are abundantly expressed in the liver and are involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism as well as mitochondrial function. However, the exact functional consequences of the revealed alterations require further investigation.

2018-03-05 | PXD006642 | Pride

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