Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Different Effects of Tofu (Soybean Curd) and Fish Oil in Serum Lipoproteins and Hepatic Gene Expressions of Rats

ABSTRACT: Soybean and fish contains various active components that were reported to prevent cardiovasucular diseases. Epidemiological studies indicated that Asian eating patterns, consisting of daily seafood and/or soy consumption, confer protection against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, we expected that simultaneous intake of soybean and fish may be greatly beneficial in a manner different from the ingestion of the individual food. To understand the detailed mechanism for modulating the lipid metabolism by co-ingestion of a soy food (tofu) and fish oil, we investigated the global changes in hepatic mRNA expression in rats by using a microarray analysis. Generally, ingestion of tofu contributed to prevent the mRNA expressions involved in hepatic lipogenesis, whereas fish oil facilitated the mRNA expressions related to the degradation of hepatic fatty acids. In terms of mRNA expression, the interaction of two dietary factors was limited. The expression data was normalized and summarized by using SuperNORM data service (Skylight Biotech Inc.). Significance of expressional change among groups was tested by 2-way ANOVA on the normalized CEL data, which was deposited in a tab-separated ASCII text format. Principal components were identified on the summarized gene data. Rats were divided into four groups each with similar average body weights and assigned experimental diets for 21 days as follows: casein and soybean oil diet (CS); casein and fish oil diet (CF); tofu and soybean oil diet (TS); tofu and fish oil diet (TF). Total protein and fat content of each diet was 200 and 150 g/kg, respectively. Soybean oil diets (CS and TS) contain 150 g/kg diet of soybean-derived fat (i.e. soybean oil and freeze-dried tofu), and 50 g/kg of fish oil was replaced with the same amount of soybean-derived fat for fish oil diets (CF and TF). Animals were allowed free access to food and water.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

SUBMITTER: Tomokazu Konishi

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-66371 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Calorie restriction (CR) consistently extends longevity and delays age-related diseases across several animal models. We have previously shown that different dietary fat sources can modulate life span and mitochondrial ultrastructure, function and membrane fatty acid composition in mice maintained on a 40% CR. In particular, animals consuming lard as the main fat source (CR-Lard) lived longer than CR mice consuming diets with soybean oil (CR-Soy) or fish oil (CR-Fish) as the predominant lipid source. In the present work, a transcriptomic analysis in liver and skeletal muscle was performed in order to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the changes in energy metabolism and longevity induced by dietary fat in CR mice. After 8 months of CR, transcription downstream of several mediators of inflammation was inhibited in liver. In contrast, proinflammatory signaling was increased in the CR-Fish versus other CR groups. Dietary fish oil induced a gene expression pattern consistent with increased transcriptional regulation by several cytokines (TNF, GM-CSF, TGF-b) and sex hormones when compared to the other CR groups. The CR-Fish also had lower expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and increased expression of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid b-oxidation genes than the other CR diet groups. Our data suggest that a diet high in n-3 PUFA, partially reverts CR-related changes in gene expression of key processes, such as inflammation and steroid hormone signaling, and this may mitigate life span extension with CR in mice consuming diets high in fish oil. Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were purchased at 14 weeks of age from the Jackson Laboratory (Sacramento, CA) and fed a commercial rodent chow diet (Harlan Teklad #7012). The mice were allowed ad libitum access to food and their food intake was monitored for two weeks. At 4 months of age, the animals were randomly assigned to four groups. The Control group received 95% of the daily ad libitum caloric intake (13.6 kcal/day) to avoid excessive weight gain and obesity, and the other three groups received 60% of the ad libitum consumption (8.6 kcal/day). A total of 31 mice samples (eight control, eight fish, eight lard and seven soy distributed in liver (n=16) and muscle (n=15) tissues) were analyzed by RNA-Sequencing. However, 2 samples (1071 control liver [JFM42H], 1125 fish muscle [JFM45D]) were discarded for further analysis after performing cluster analysis (they were clustering in a different groups). Also their RIN values were not as high as those of the other samples, indicating lower quality of the RNA.

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Different Effects of Tofu (Soybean Curd) and Fish Oil in Serum Lipoproteins and Hepatic Gene Expressions of Rats

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