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RNA:DNA hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships RDIP-seq)

ABSTRACT: Mapping of RNA:DNA hybrids in human cells reveals a number of characteristics of these non-canonical nucleic acid structures. A directional sequencing approach reveals the RNA component of the RNA:DNA hybrid to be purine-rich, indicating a thermodynamic contribution to the stability of these structures. The RNA:DNA hybrids are enriched at loci with decreased DNA methylation and increased DNase hypersensitivity, and within larger domains with characteristics of heterochromatin formation. Studies of chromatin at RNA:DNA hybrids shows the presence of the ILF2 and ILF3 transcription factors, supporting a model of certain transcription factors binding preferentially to the RNA:DNA conformation. Overall, there is little to indicate a dependence for RNA:DNA hybrids forming co-transcriptionally, with results from the ribosomal DNA repeat unit instead supporting a model of RNA generating these structures in trans. The results of the study indicate heterogeneous functions of these genomic elements and new insights into their formation and stability in vivo. Investigation of locatization of RNA in RNA:DNA hybrids genome-wide in HEK293T and IMR-90 cells through RNA:DNA hybrid immunorprecipitation strand-specific sequencing

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Julie Nadel

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-68948 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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RNA:DNA hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships (RNA-seq)

Project description:Mapping of RNA:DNA hybrids in human cells reveals a number of characteristics of these non-canonical nucleic acid structures. A directional sequencing approach reveals the RNA component of the RNA:DNA hybrid to be purine-rich, indicating a thermodynamic contribution to the stability of these structures. The RNA:DNA hybrids are enriched at loci with decreased DNA methylation and increased DNase hypersensitivity, and within larger domains with characteristics of heterochromatin formation. Studies of chromatin at RNA:DNA hybrids shows the presence of the ILF2 and ILF3 transcription factors, supporting a model of certain transcription factors binding preferentially to the RNA:DNA conformation. Overall, there is little to indicate a dependence for RNA:DNA hybrids forming co-transcriptionally, with results from the ribosomal DNA repeat unit instead supporting a model of RNA generating these structures in trans. The results of the study indicate heterogeneous functions of these genomic elements and new insights into their formation and stability in vivo. Investigation of expression data genome-wide in HEK293T and IMR-90 cells through RNA-seq, including rRNA

2015-06-15 | E-GEOD-68938 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA:DNA hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships (RNA-seq)

2015-06-15 | GSE68938 | GEO

RNA:DNA hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships RDIP-seq)

2015-06-15 | GSE68948 | GEO

Human SKI component SKIV2L regulates telomeric DNA-RNA hybrids and prevents telomere fragility

Project description:Super killer (SKI) complex is a well-known cytoplasmic 3′ to 5′ mRNA decay complex that functions with the exosome to degrade excessive and aberrant mRNAs. Recently, SKIV2L, the 3′ to 5′ RNA helicase of the human SKI (hSKI) complex has been implicated with the extraction of mRNA at stalled ribosomes, tackling aberrant translation. Here, we show that SKIV2L and TTC37 of the hSKI complex are present within the nucleus, localise on chromatin and at some telomeres during the G2 cell cycle phase. In cells, SKIV2L prevents telomere replication stress shown as fragile telomeres and increases the stability of telomere DNA-RNA hybrids in G2 of the cell cycle whereas its absence decreases the amount of those structures. We further demonstrate that purified hSKI complex binds telomeric DNA and RNA substrates in vitro. Moreover, SKIV2L association with telomeres is dependent on DNA-RNA hybrids but its helicase activity is dispensable for its telomeric function. Taken together, our results provide a nuclear function for SKIV2L of the hSKI complex in overcoming replication stress at telomeres mediated by its recruitment to DNA-RNA hybrid structures in G2 and thus maintaining telomere stability.

2024-10-03 | PXD046955 | Pride

Genetic stabilization in Saccharomyces intra- and interspecific hybrids obtained by different hybridization methodologies

Project description:In this work, we evaluated the genetic stabilization process, of the intra- (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and interspecific (S. cerevisiae x Saccharomyces kudriavzevii) hybrids obtained by different non-GMO techniques, under fermentative conditions. Large-scale transitions in genome size, detected by measuring total DNA content, and genome reorganizations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, evidenced by changes in molecular markers, were observed during the experiments. Interspecific hybrids seem to need fewer generations to reach genetic stability than intraspecific hybrids. The largest number of molecular patterns among the derived stable colonies was observed for intraspecific hybrids, particularly for those obtained by rare-mating in which the total amount of initial DNA was larger. Finally, a representative intraspecific stable hybrid underwent a normal industrial process to obtain active dry yeast production as an important point at which inducing changes in genome composition was possible. No changes in hybrid genetic composition after this procedure were confirmed by comparative genome hybridization. According to our results, fermentation steps 2 and 5 –comprising between 30 and 50 generations- suffice to obtain genetically stable interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, respectively. This work aimed to develop and validate a fast genetic stabilization method for newly generated Saccharomyces hybrids under selective enological conditions. A comparison of the whole stabilization process in intra- and interspecific hybrids showing different ploidy levels, as a result of using different hybridization methodologies, was also made. A stable hybrid strain was compared with itself before and after ADY (active dry yeast) production in order to evaluate the genetic stability of this strain.

2015-03-30 | E-GEOD-46192 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Plasticity of Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and its Impact on Nuclear Gene Transcription in Yeast Hybrids grown on YP Glycerol 28C

Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in budding yeast is biparentally inherited, but colonies rapidly lose one type of parental mtDNA, becoming homoplasmic. Therefore, hybrids between different yeast species possess two homologous nuclear genomes, but only one type of mitochondrial DNA. We hypothesise that the choice of mtDNA retention is influenced by its contribution to hybrid fitness in different environments, and that the allelic expression of the two nuclear sub-genomes is affected by the presence of different mtDNAs in hybrids. Here, we crossed Saccharomyces cerevisiae with S. uvarum under different environmental conditions and examined the plasticity of the retention of mtDNA in each hybrid.

2020-04-16 | E-MTAB-7922 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Plasticity of Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and its Impact on Nuclear Gene Transcription in Yeast Hybrids Compared to parents strains

2020-10-26 | E-MTAB-8900 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Immunoprecipitation of RNA-DNA hybrid interacting proteins in Trypanosoma brucei reveals conserved and novel activities, including in host immune evasion by antigenic variation

Project description:RNA-DNA hybrids are widespread epigenetic features of genomes that provide a growing range of activities in transcription, chromatin and DNA replication and repair. Understanding of these diverse functions has been advanced by characterising the proteins that interact with the hybrids, with all such studies revealing hundreds of potential interactors. However, all interaction analyses to date have focused on mammalian cells, and so it is unclear if a similar spectrum of RNA-DNA hybrid interactors found in other eukaryotes, thus limiting our understanding of the conserved and lineage-specific activities linked to these genetic structures. The African trypanosome is a compelling organism in which to address these questions. As a divergent single-cell eukaryotic parasite of the Discoba grouping, Trypanosoma brucei displays substantial divergence in several aspects of core biology from its mammalian host and, unusually for a protist, has well-developed tools for molecular genetic analysis. For these reasons, we used DNA-RNA hybrid immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry to reveal 602 putative interactors in T. brucei mammal- or insect vector-infective stage cells. We show that the approach selects for a subset of the parasite proteome and reveals a range of predicted RNA-DNA hybrid associated activities, some overlapping with similar studies in mammals. We demonstrate that loss of three factors, two putative helicases and a RAD51 paralogue, impact on T. brucei nuclear RNA-DNA hybrid and DNA damage levels. Moreover, loss of each affects the operation of the crucial parasite immune survival mechanism of antigenic variation. Thus, our work reveals the broad range of activities contributed by RNA-DNA hybrids to T. brucei biology, including new functions in host immune evasion as well as many conserved with mammals, and so likely fundamental to eukaryotic genome function.

2024-01-26 | PXD042146 | Pride

Massive sequencing of hybrid DNA obtained by DNA:RNA immunoprecipitation (DRIP) in extracellular microvesicles (MV) produced by HeLa cells (using S9.6 antibody)

Project description:Hybrid (Bound) and non-hybrid (Unbound) DNA from Hela EV was isolated using DRIP procedure as follows. Between 1-5μg of nucleic acid DNA from EVs (DNase0 treated) was incubated overnight with 1μg of anti-DNA-RNA Hybrid (S9.6) antibody (KeraFast) under rotation at 4°C in 500μl of binding buffer (10mM NaPO4 pH 7.0, 140 mM NaCl, 0.05% Triton X-100). The following day, 25μl of A/G magnetic beads (Pierce™) were washed twice in 500μl of binding buffer (30' min each wash) and added for 2h at room temperature under rotation to the S9.6+nucleic acid complex. The nucleic acids bound to the S9.6 antibody (Hybrid fraction or Bound) were separated from those unbound (Non-Hybrid or Unbound) by using a magnetic rack (which captured the Bead+Hybrid fraction). 500μl of the unbound fraction (bead-free) were transferred into a new 1.5ml tube and collected for further analysis. The Bead+Hybrid fraction was washed twice in 250μl binding buffer for 15' min at room temperature under rotation. The hybrids were then eluted with 250μl of elution buffer (50mM TRIS pH 8.0, 10mM EDTA, 0.5% SDS) for 15' min at room temperature under rotation. The elution step was repeated twice to make sure that all the hybrid molecules were collected. As a control of all there experiments to make sure, we were isolating and precipitating Hybrid DNA:RNA molecules, samples were also pre-treated with RNaseH1 (RNaseH), which degrades the RNA filament only when present in the hybrid structure.

2023-03-30 | E-MTAB-9634 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DDX17 helicase promotes resolution of R-loop-mediated transcription-replication conflicts in human cells

Project description:R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA:DNA hybrid and displaced DNA strand. These structures can halt DNA replication when formed co- transcriptionally in the opposite orientation to replication fork progression. Recent studies have shown that replication forks stalled by co-transcription R-loops can be restarted by a mechanism involving fork cleavage by MUS81 endonuclease, followed by reactivation of transcription, and fork religation by the DNA ligase IV (LIG4)/XRCC4 complex. However, how R-loops are eliminated to allow the sequential restart of transcription and replication in this pathway remains elusive. Here, we identified the human DDX17 helicase as a factor that associates with R-loops and counteracts R-loop-mediated replication stress to preserve genome stability. We show that DDX17 unwinds RNA:DNA hybrids in vitro and promotes MUS81-dependent restart of R-loop-stalled forks in human cells in a manner dependent on its helicase activity. Loss of DDX17 helicase induces accumulation of R-loops and the formation of R-loop-dependent anaphase bridges and micronuclei. These findings establish DDX17 as a component of the MUS81-LIG4 pathway for resolution of R-loop-mediated transcription- replication conflicts, which may be involved in R-loop unwinding.

2022-11-02 | PXD034331 | Pride

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