Construction and characterization of synthetic microRNA cluster for multiplex RNA interference in mammalian cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Zhen Xie
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-71088 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) technology is widely used in basic and translational research. By mimicking natural primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) cluster, multiple engineered hairpins can be transcribed as a single transcript from the same Pol-II promoter, enabling multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells 1-5. However, constructing synthetic miRNA cluster is still time-consuming, and the processing and function of miRNA cluster are incompletely understood. Here, we identified a miRNA precursor architecture that allowed precise miRNA maturation. We established a hierarchical cloning method for efficient construction of synthetic miRNA cluster harboring up to 18 miRNA precursors. We demonstrated that maturation and function of individual miRNA precursors were independent on their positions in the cluster. We then analyzed the integration efficiency of miRNA clusters with varying number of miRNA precursors by using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated integration, piggyBac transposon system, and lentiviral system. This synthetic miRNA cluster system provides an important tool for multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells.
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Project description:Maturation of canonical microRNA (miRNA) is initiated by DROSHA that cleaves the primary transcript (pri-miRNA). Over 1,800 miRNA loci are annotated in humans, but it remains largely unknown if and at which sites the pri-miRNAs are cleaved by DROSHA. Here we performed in vitro processing on a full set of human pri-miRNAs (miRBase v21) followed by sequencing. This comprehensive profiling enabled us to classify miRNAs based on DROSHA-dependence and map their cleavage sites with respective processing efficiency measures. Only 758 pri-miRNAs are confidently processed by DROSHA, while the majority may be non-canonical or false entries. Analyses of the DROSHA-dependent pri-miRNAs show key cis-elements for processing. We observe widespread alternative processing as well as unproductive cleavage events such as “nick” or “inverse” processing. SRSF3 is a broad-acting auxiliary factor modulating alternative processing and suppressing unproductive processing. The profiling data and methods developed in this study will allow systematic analyses of miRNA regulation.
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Project description:Adult aging is a complex biological process associated with altered gene expression and a decline in physiological performance. The microRNAs have been implicated in cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the impact of adult aging on cardiac expression of both miRNA guide strand (miR) and passenger strand (miR*), as well as miRNA clusters have not been well established. We explored the expression profile of both miR and miR* in the heart. We found that 65 miRNAs were differentially expressed in old versus young adult heart; approximately half of them were clustered miRNAs that were distributed in 11 miRNA clusters. Each miRNA cluster contains from 2 to as many as 71 miRNA genes. The majority of the clusters displayed unified expression, with most cluster members within a cluster being either increased or decreased together, suggesting that most clusters are regulated by a common signaling mechanism and that the combined expression of multiple miRNA genes in a cluster could pose an impact on a broad range of targets during aging. We also found age-related changes in the expression of miR*s. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-21 and miR-21* had their own silencing targets. The expression of both miR and miR* correlated with that of pri-miRNA transcript over the time course from development and maturation through adult aging. Age-related changes in the expression of Ago1 and Ago2 proteins in the heart were also observed. Our data suggest that a concert of effects, including transcriptional regulation of pri-miRNA transcript and altered expression of Argonaut proteins, contribute to age-related changes in the expression of both miR and miR* strands during adult aging. The major changes occurred later in life, from middle to old age. It is likely that the expression of both miR and miR* is regulated by transcription and Ago1 and Ago2 proteins.
2012-08-20 | GSE32935 | GEO
Project description:Drosha is a type III RNAse, which plays a critical role in miRNA biogenesis. Drosha and its double-stranded RNA-binding partner protein Pasha/DGCR8 likely recognize and cleave miRNA precursor RNAs or pri-miRNA hairpins co-transcriptionally. To identify RNAs processed by Drosha, we used tiling microarrays to examine transcripts after depletion of drosha mRNA with dsRNA in Drosophila Schneider S2 cells. This strategy identified 137 Drosha-regulated RNAs, including 11 putative pri-miRNAs comprising 15 annotated miRNAs. Most of the identified pri-miRNAs seem extremely large, >10 kilobases as revealed by both the Drosha knock down strategy and by RNA PolII chromatin IP followed by Drosophila tiling microarrays. Surprisingly, more than a hundred additional RNAs not annotated as miRNAs are under Drosha control and are likely to be direct targets of Drosha action. This is because many of them encode annotated genes, and unlike bona fide pri-miRNAs, they are not affected by depletion of the miRNA processing factor, dicer-1. Moreover, application of the evofold analysis software indicates that at least 25 of the Drosha-regulated RNAs contain evolutionarily conserved hairpins similar to those recognized by the Drosha-Pasha/DGCR8 complex in pri-miRNAs. One of these hairpins is located in the 5′ UTR of both pasha and mammalian DGCR8. These observations suggest that a negative feedback loop acting on pasha mRNA may regulate the miRNA-biogenesis pathway: i.e., excess Drosha cleaves pasha/DGCR8 primary transcripts and leads to a reduction in pasha/DGCR8 mRNA levels and Pasha/DGCR8 synthesis. Keywords: time course, ChIP-chip
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Project description:Adult aging is a complex biological process associated with altered gene expression and a decline in physiological performance. The microRNAs have been implicated in cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the impact of adult aging on cardiac expression of both miRNA guide strand (miR) and passenger strand (miR*), as well as miRNA clusters have not been well established. We explored the expression profile of both miR and miR* in the heart. We found that 65 miRNAs were differentially expressed in old versus young adult heart; approximately half of them were clustered miRNAs that were distributed in 11 miRNA clusters. Each miRNA cluster contains from 2 to as many as 71 miRNA genes. The majority of the clusters displayed unified expression, with most cluster members within a cluster being either increased or decreased together, suggesting that most clusters are regulated by a common signaling mechanism and that the combined expression of multiple miRNA genes in a cluster could pose an impact on a broad range of targets during aging. We also found age-related changes in the expression of miR*s. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-21 and miR-21* had their own silencing targets. The expression of both miR and miR* correlated with that of pri-miRNA transcript over the time course from development and maturation through adult aging. Age-related changes in the expression of Ago1 and Ago2 proteins in the heart were also observed. Our data suggest that a concert of effects, including transcriptional regulation of pri-miRNA transcript and altered expression of Argonaut proteins, contribute to age-related changes in the expression of both miR and miR* strands during adult aging. The major changes occurred later in life, from middle to old age. It is likely that the expression of both miR and miR* is regulated by transcription and Ago1 and Ago2 proteins. Six healthy C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. Three of them were 4 months old (young adult mice: YA), and the other three were 24 months old (old mice). Total RNA samples were isolated from mouse hearts and then shipped to Exiqon Inc., where microRNA array analysis was performed. Three array slides were used for the hybridization. Each array slide hybridized with two samples labeld with either Hy3 or Hy5, with array #1 being hybridized with samples YA-1 (Hy3) and Old-1 (Hy5), array #2 with samples YA-2 (Hy3) and Old-2 (Hy5) and array #3 with samples YA-3 (Hy5) and Old-3 (Hy3). In our publication, we reveal the detail of the experiment and statistical analysis that were provided by Exiqon Inc.
2012-08-20 | E-GEOD-32935 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:MicroRNA (miRNA) maturation is initiated by DROSHA, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific RNase III enzyme. By cleaving primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) at specific positions, DROSHA serves as a main determinant of miRNA sequences and a highly selective gate-keeper for the canonical miRNA pathway. However, the sites of DROSHA-mediated processing have not been annotated on a genomic scale, and it remains unclear to what extent DROSHA functions outside the miRNA pathway. Here we establish a protocol termed ‘formaldehyde crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (fCLIP-seq)’ that allows identification of DROSHA cleavage sites at single nucleotide resolution. fCLIP identifies numerous cleavage sites that do not match the ends of annotated mature miRNAs, particularly at the 3′ termini, suggesting widespread end modifications during miRNA maturation such as trimming and tailing. fCLIP also finds many pri-miRNAs undergoing alternative processing, yielding multiple miRNA isoforms. Moreover, we discover dozens of novel substrates that are bound and cleaved by DROSHA. These substrates are processed less efficiently than canonical pri-miRNAs, and produce only minute amounts of small RNAs. Depletion of DROSHA results in an increase of the hairpin-containing transcripts. Thus, the hairpins may serve mainly as cis-elements for DROSHA-mediated gene regulation rather than as miRNA genes. fCLIP-seq not only accurately maps the cleavage sites of DROSHA and suggests noncanonical functions of DROSHA, but also could be a general tool for investigating interactions between dsRNA binding proteins and structured RNAs.
2017-04-23 | GSE93651 | GEO
Project description:MicroRNA (miRNA) maturation is initiated by DROSHA, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific RNase III enzyme. By cleaving primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) at specific positions, DROSHA serves as a main determinant of miRNA sequences and a highly selective gate-keeper for the canonical miRNA pathway. However, the sites of DROSHA-mediated processing have not been annotated on a genomic scale, and it remains unclear to what extent DROSHA functions outside the miRNA pathway. Here we establish a protocol termed ‘formaldehyde crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (fCLIP-seq)’ that allows identification of DROSHA cleavage sites at single nucleotide resolution. fCLIP identifies numerous cleavage sites that do not match the ends of annotated mature miRNAs, particularly at the 3′ termini, suggesting widespread end modifications during miRNA maturation such as trimming and tailing. fCLIP also finds many pri-miRNAs undergoing alternative processing, yielding multiple miRNA isoforms. Moreover, we discover dozens of novel substrates that are bound and cleaved by DROSHA. These substrates are processed less efficiently than canonical pri-miRNAs, and produce only minute amounts of small RNAs. Depletion of DROSHA results in an increase of the hairpin-containing transcripts. Thus, the hairpins may serve mainly as cis-elements for DROSHA-mediated gene regulation rather than as miRNA genes. fCLIP-seq not only accurately maps the cleavage sites of DROSHA and suggests noncanonical functions of DROSHA, but also could be a general tool for investigating interactions between dsRNA binding proteins and structured RNAs.
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2013-07-01 | E-GEOD-40579 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Microprocessor initiates processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from hairpin regions of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). Pri-miRNAs often contain multiple miRNA hairpins, and this clustered arrangement can assist processing of otherwise defective hairpins. We find that miR-451, which derives from a hairpin with a suboptimal terminal loop and a suboptimal stem length, accumulates to 40-fold higher levels when clustered with a helper hairpin. This phenomenon tolerates changes in hairpin order, linker lengths, and the identities of the helper hairpin, the recipient hairpin, the linker-sequence, and the RNA polymerase that transcribes the hairpins. It can act reciprocally and need not occur co-transcriptionally. It requires Microprocessor recognition of the helper hairpin and linkage of the two hairpins, yet predominantly manifests after helper-hairpin processing. It also requires Enhancer of Rudimentary Homology (ERH), which copurifies with Microprocessor and can dimerize and interact with other proteins that can dimerize, suggesting a model in which Microprocessor recruits another Microprocessor.
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