Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Institute of Aquaculture Lepeophtheirus salmonis analysis of gene expression induced by in vitro exposure to emamectin benzoate

ABSTRACT: Caligid copepods, also called sea lice, are common ectoparasites of wild and farmed marine fish. The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (KrM-xyer, 1837) has emerged as a serious problem for salmon farming in the Northern hemisphere. The annual cost of sea lice to the global salmon mariculture industry has been estimated at M-^@300 million, of which the majority accounts for the cost of chemically treating the farmed salmon. The treatments available for salmonids with sea lice infestation have been limited with a large scale reliance on single products and the use of antiparasitics with similar modes of action, which when used over a long period of time can enhance the selection pressure for reduced sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to identify transcripts whose expression correlated to emamectin benzoate (EMB) susceptibility, or those genes regulated in response to EMB exposure. Two L. salmonis laboratory strains, established from field isolates and differing in susceptibility to EMB were studied using a custom sea louse 15K oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR. Adult male sea lice were sampled from both strains after 1 and 3 hours of aqueous exposure to 0.2 M-5g mL-1 emamectin benzoate, 0.01% PEG300 or sea water. Bioinformatic analysis identified that in the absence of drug treatment, a large number of genes were significantly down regulated in the louse strain hyposensitive to EMB. EMB exposure had marked effects on gene expression in the EMB susceptible strain, but caused little changes in EMB hyposensitive lice. We therefore suggest that transcriptional responses induced by EMB exposure may not be responsible for reduced susceptibility to this antiparasitic compound, but may involve genes that are constitutively expressed in EMB tolerant salmon louse strains.

ORGANISM(S): Lepeophtheirus salmonis

SUBMITTER: Stephen Carmichael

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-1478 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) showing varying emamectin benzoate susceptibilities differ in neuronal acetylcholine receptor and GABA-gated chloride channel mRNA expression.

Carmichael Stephen N SN Bron James E JE Taggart John B JB Ireland Jacqueline H JH Bekaert Michaël M Burgess Stewart Tg ST Skuce Philip J PJ Nisbet Alasdair J AJ Gharbi Karim K Sturm Armin A

BMC genomics 20130618

<h4>Background</h4>Caligid copepods, also called sea lice, are fish ectoparasites, some species of which cause significant problems in the mariculture of salmon, where the annual cost of infection is in excess of €300 million globally. At present, caligid control on farms is mainly achieved using medicinal treatments. However, the continued use of a restricted number of medicine actives potentially favours the development of drug resistance. Here, we report transcriptional changes in a laborator ...[more]

PMID: 23773482

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Project description:The salmon louse is an ectoparasitic copepod that causes major economic losses in the aquaculture industry of Atlantic salmon. This host displays a high level of susceptibility to lice which can be accounted for by several factors including stress. In addition, the parasite itself acts as a potent stressor of the host, and outcomes of infection can depend on biotic and abiotic factors that stimulate production of cortisol. Consequently, examination of responses to infection with this parasite, in addition to stress hormone regulation in Atlantic salmon, is vital for better understanding of the host pathogen interaction. Atlantic salmon post smolts were exposed to stress hormone cortisol, lice and their combination. The transcriptomic effects of hormone treatment in salmon skin were significantly greater than lice-infection induced changes. Cortisol stimulated expression of genes involved in metabolism of steroids and amino acids, chaperones, responses to oxidative stress and eicosanoid metabolism and suppressed genes related to antigen presentation, B and T cells, antiviral and inflammatory responses. Cortisol and liceBoth treatments equally down-regulated a large panel of motor proteins that can be important for wound contraction. Cortisol also suppressed multiple genes involved in wound healing, parts of which were activated by the parasite. Down-regulation of collagens and other structural proteins was in parallel with the induction of proteinases that degrade extracellular matrix (MMP9 and MMP13). Cortisol reduced expression of genes encoding proteins involved in formation of various tissue structures, regulators of cell differentiation and growth factors. Atlantic salmon post smolts were organised into four experimental groups: lice + cortisol, lice + placebo, no lice + cortisol, no lice + placebo. Infection levels were equal in both treatments upon termination of the experiment. Gene expression changes in skin were assessed with 21 k oligonucleotide microarray and qPCR at the chalimus stage 18 days post infection at 9oC.

Dataset Information

Institute of Aquaculture Lepeophtheirus salmonis analysis of gene expression induced by in vitro exposure to emamectin benzoate

Publications

Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) showing varying emamectin benzoate susceptibilities differ in neuronal acetylcholine receptor and GABA-gated chloride channel mRNA expression.

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