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Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Pregnane X-receptor (PXR/NR1I2) activity is a hallmark of cancer stem cells and drives post-treatment tumor recurrence in colon cancer

ABSTRACT: Post-treatment recurrence remains a major clinical challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC), and increasing evidence suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) may mediate this process due to their enhanced resistance to conventional therapeutics. We hypothesized that the Pregnane-X receptor (PXR) may drive the chemoresistance of colorectal CSCs.. shRNA-mediated PXR down-regulation was used to analyze the role of PXR on self-renewal in the colorectal cancer cell Line LS174T. Expression and activity of PXR were quantified under conditions that promote Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) enrichment. Conversely, CSC characterization was performed in cells enriched along their PXR activity level.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Pascal Finetti

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3471 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury

Project description:Background: Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CAKI) has been recognized as one of the most serious side effects of cisplatin. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor and serves as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. Increasing evidence also suggests PXR has many nonxenobiotic functions including the regulation of cell proliferation, inflammatory response and glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods: In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PXR in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. CAKI model was performed in wild-type or PXR knockout mice. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a mouse PXR specific agonist, was used for PXR activation. The renal function, biochemical, histopathological and molecular alterations were examined in mouse blood, urine or renal tissues. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were applied to determine the regulation of PXR on its target genes. Results: We found that PXR activation significantly attenuated CAKI as reflected by improved renal function, reduced renal tubular apoptosis, ameliorated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suppressed inflammatory factor expression. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the renoprotective effect of PXR was associated with multiple crucial signaling pathways. In particular, PXR protected against cisplatin-induced AKI by the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and the induction of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), an important transporter mediating cellular excretion of cisplatin, in the kidney. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PXR activation can preserve renal function in cisplatin-induced AKI and suggest a possibility of PXR as a novel therapeutic target for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

2023-03-20 | GSE147256 | GEO

Comparison of target genes from the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the liver vs the intestine [ileum]

Project description:We performed a transcriptomic comparison of the Pxr-regulated genes in the liver and intestine (ileum and colon) using microarrays in adult wild-type (WT) vs Pxr-/- C57Bl6/J male mice treated with the rodent specific Pxr ligand pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) (100 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 4 days).

2018-12-14 | GSE123803 | GEO

Comparison of target genes from the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the liver vs the intestine [liver]

2018-12-14 | GSE123802 | GEO

Comparison of target genes from the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the liver vs the intestine [colon]

2018-12-18 | GSE123963 | GEO

Effects of PXR activation on the macrophage transcriptome

Project description:Purpose: To explore the role of PXR signaling in regulating macrophage transcriptome related to atherogenesis Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from LDLR knockout mice with myeloid specific PXR deficiency (PXRΔMyeLDLR-/-) and their littermates (PXRF/FLDLR-/-). Then the macrophages were treated with a PXR ligand PCN or DMSO control for 12 hr. Total RNA was extracted for RNAseq Results: PCN-mediated PXR activation induced 439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with false discovery rate (FDR) < 5% and fold change >1.5 in control macrophages. By contrast, PCN only induced 38 DEFs in PXR-deficient macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that PXR signaling may affect many genes in macrophages related atherosclerosis development.

2020-02-22 | GSE145719 | GEO

Pregnane X receptor promotes ehtanol-induced hepatosteatosis in female mice

Project description:The pregane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotioc-sensing nuclear receptor has been implicated in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). The role of PXR signaling in potentiating ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicty in male wild-type (WT) mice was reported previously, however, how PXR signaling modulated EtOH-induced hepatotoxicty in female is still unknown. Several mRNAs that are involved in retinol and steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemical carcinogeneiss, and arachidonic acid metabolism were increased by EtOH in a PXR-dependent manner. Overall, female PXR-null mice are resistant against chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity than their WT counterparts.

2023-08-09 | GSE239714 | GEO

Transcriptional profiling of C57BL-mice with humanized CAR/PXR or CAR/PXR-knockout treated with DCB and CPA

Project description:To investigate the role of the nuclear receptors CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) and PXR (Pregnane X receptor) in mediating the effects of non-genotoxic carcinogens, groups of mice humanised or deleted for CAR and PXR were treated with 1,4-Dichlorobenzene or cyproterone acetate for 3d and liver tissue harvested for expression profiling. Control groups were treated with appropriate vehicles.

2018-04-27 | GSE68365 | GEO

Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Polymorphisms and Cancer Treatment.

Project description:Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) belongs to the nuclear receptors' superfamily and mainly functions as a xenobiotic sensor activated by a variety of ligands. PXR is widely expressed in normal and malignant tissues. Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are also under PXR's regulation. Antineoplastic agents are of particular interest since cancer patients are characterized by significant intra-variability to treatment response and severe toxicities. Various PXR polymorphisms may alter the function of the protein and are linked with significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents and clinical outcome variability. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of PXR polymorphisms in the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. It is also expected that this review will highlight the importance of PXR polymorphisms in selection of chemotherapy, prediction of adverse effects and personalized medicine.

| S-EPMC8394562 | biostudies-literature

Protein S-nitrosylation Restricts Xenobiotic Receptor PXR Hyperactivity and Ameliorates Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury in Mice

Project description:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially acetaminophen overdose, is the leading cause of acute liver failure. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor and the master regulator of drug metabolism. Aberrant activation of PXR plays a pathogenic role in the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Here, we aimed to examine the PXR S-nitrosylation (SNO) in response to acetaminophen. We found that PXR was S-nitrosylated in hepatocytes and the mouse livers after exposure to acetaminophen or S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Mass-spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis identified the cysteine 307 as the primary residue for SNO-modification. In hepatocytes, SNO suppressed both agonist (rifampicin and SR12813)-induced and constitutively active PXR (VP-PXR) activations. Furthermore, in acetaminophen overdosed mouse livers, PXR protein was decreased at the centrilobular regions overlapping with increased SNO. In PXR-deficient (PXR-/-) mice, replenishing the livers with the SNO-deficient PXR significantly aggravated hepatic necrosis and apoptosis, increased HMGB1 release, and exacerbated liver injury and inflammation. Particularly, we demonstrated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor N6022 promoted hepatoprotection by increasing the levels of PXR S-nitrosylation. In conclusion, PXR is post-translationally modified by S-nitrosylation in hepatocytes in response to acetaminophen. This modification mitigated the acetaminophen-induced PXR hyperactivity. It may serve as a new target for therapeutical intervention.

2024-03-06 | GSE243679 | GEO

Pregnane X receptor knockout mice display aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage

Project description:Steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) and its murine ortholog pregnane X receptor (PXR) are nuclear receptors that are expressed mainly in the liver and the intestine. They function as xenobiotic sensors by inducing genes involved in detoxification and drug excretion. Recent evidence showed that SXR and PXR are also expressed in bone tissue where they mediate bone metabolism. Here we report that systemic deletion of PXR results in aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage of knee joints. Histomorphometrical analysis showed remarkable reduction of width and an enlarged gap between femoral and tibial articular cartilage in PXR knockout mice. We hypothesized that genes induced by SXR in chondrocytes have a protective effect on articular cartilage and identified Fam20a (family with sequence similarity 20a) as an SXR-dependent gene induced by the known SXR ligands, rifampicin and vitamin K2. Lastly, we demonstrated the biological significance of Fam20a expression in chondrocytes by evaluating osteoarthritis-related gene expression of primary articular chondrocytes. Consistent with epidemiological findings, our findings indicate that SXR/PXR protects against aging-dependent wearing of articular cartilage and that ligands for SXR/PXR have potential role in preventing osteoarthritis caused by aging.

2015-03-31 | GSE60401 | GEO

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