Study of SPEN knockdown in MCF10A cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Stéphanie Légaré
PROVIDER: E-MTAB-4974 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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2012-05-31 | E-GEOD-34846 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most common malignant brain tumor in infants and is characterized by loss of nuclear SMARCB1 protein expression. Recent studies show that AT/RTs comprise three molecular subgroups with epigenetic differences, including distinct expression patterns of genes involved in ciliogenesis, but little is known on the functional role of primary cilia in the biology of AT/RT. Here, we show that primary cilia are present across all AT/RT subgroups with specific enrichment in AT/RT-TYR patient samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that primary ciliogenesis contributes to AT/RT biology in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we observed a significant decrease in proliferation and clonogenicity following disruption of primary ciliogenesis in AT/RT cell line models. Apoptosis was significantly increased via the induction of STAT1 and DR5 signaling, as detected by proteogenomic profiling. In a Drosophila model of SMARCB1 deficiency, concomitant knockdown of several cilia-associated genes resulted in a substantial shift of the lethal phenotype with more than 20% of flies reaching adulthood. Finally, we demonstrated significantly extended survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of AT/RT upon disruption of primary ciliogenesis, confirming a survival benefit across different species with SMARCB1 deficiency. Altogether, our findings indicate that targeting primary ciliogenesis or its downstream signaling may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for AT/RT.
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Project description:Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is the most common malignant brain tumor in infants and is characterized by loss of nuclear SMARCB1 protein expression. Recent studies show that AT/RTs comprise three molecular subgroups with epigenetic differences, including distinct expression patterns of genes involved in ciliogenesis, but little is known on the functional role of primary cilia in the biology of AT/RT. Here, we show that primary cilia are present across all AT/RT subgroups with specific enrichment in AT/RT-TYR patient samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that primary ciliogenesis contributes to AT/RT biology in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we observed a significant decrease in proliferation and clonogenicity following disruption of primary ciliogenesis in AT/RT cell line models. Apoptosis was significantly increased via the induction of STAT1 and DR5 signaling, as detected by proteogenomic profiling. In a Drosophila model of SMARCB1 deficiency, concomitant knockdown of several cilia-associated genes resulted in a substantial shift of the lethal phenotype with more than 20% of flies reaching adulthood. Finally, we demonstrated significantly extended survival in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of AT/RT upon disruption of primary ciliogenesis, confirming a survival benefit across different species with SMARCB1 deficiency. Altogether, our findings indicate that targeting primary ciliogenesis or its downstream signaling may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for AT/RT.
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Project description:Human melanomas frequently harbor amplifications of EZH2. However, the oncogenic contribution of this methyltransferase to melanoma formation has remained elusive. Taking advantage of murine melanoma models, we now show that EZH2 drives tumorigenesis from benign BrafV600E or NrasQ61K-expressing melanocytes. EZH2 oncogenicity results from silencing of genes relevant for the integrity of the primary cilium, a signaling organelle projecting from the surface of vertebrate cells. Consequently, gain of EZH2 function promotes loss of primary cilia in benign melanocytic lesions. In contrast, blockade of EZH2 activity evokes ciliogenesis and cilia-dependent growth inhibition in malignant melanoma. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of cilia enhances pro-tumorigenic WNT/β-catenin signaling and is itself sufficient to drive metastatic melanoma in benign cells. Thus, primary cilia deconstruction is a key process in EZH2-driven melanomagenesis.
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Project description:Primary cilium serves as a cellular “antenna” to sense environmental signals. Ciliogenesis requires the removal of CP110 to convert the mother centriole into the basal body. Actin dynamics is also critical for cilia formation. How these distinct processes are properly regulated remains unknown. Here we show that miR-129-3p, a microRNA conserved in the vertebrates, controlled cilia assembly by down-regulating both CP110 and four proteins critical for actin dynamics, Arp2, Toca1, abLIM1, and abLIM3. Consistently, blocking miR-129-3p repressed cilia formation in cultured mammalian cells, whereas its overexpression potently induced ciliogenesis in proliferating cells and extraordinary cilia elongation. Moreover, inhibition of miR-129-3p in zebrafish embryos suppressed cilia assembly in the Kupffer’s vesicle and pronephric duct, leading to developmental abnormalities including curved body, pericardial oedema, and randomised left-right patterning. Our results thus unravel a novel mechanism that orchestrates both the centriole-to-basal body transition and subsequent cilia assembly via microRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulations. We want to find the targets of miR-129-3p by overexpressing miR-129-3p oligo or control oligo in hTERT-RPE1 cells. Through microarray analysis we could check the downregulated genes and these genes might be the targets of miR-129-3p.
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Project description:Split Ends (SPEN) is a transcriptional coregulator that have formerly identified as a tumour suppressor gene in ER-positive breast cancers. However, ER-positive breast cancers are diagnosed at similar frequencies in pre- and post-menopausal women who show significantly different circulating hormone levels. This therefore raises the possibility that SPEN functions under hormone-depleted settings may contrast with its roles in the presence of hormones. We therefore attempted to explore the cellular functions regulated by SPEN under hormone-depleted settings using a previously established model with T47D cells stably transfected with a control vector (non-target) or SPEN-expressing vector. In particular, we attempted to investigate the hormone-independent transcriptional program regulated by SPEN in breast cancer. To achieve this, we have treated previously established T47D cells stably transfected with a control vector (non-target) or SPEN-expressing vector. These cells were allowed to grow in hormone-depleted conditions for 4 days. To minimize external biases introduced by hormone depletion or any transcriptional contribution from the estrogen receptor (ER), we also performed gene expression profiling analyses on the same cells but stimulated with an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist (Estradiol) or antagonist (Tamoxifen).
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Project description:Analysis of epithelial explants injected with the intracellular domain of Notch (ICD) to block the formation of multi-ciliate cells, either alone or along with FoxJ1. FoxJ1 misexpression leads to the induction fo ectopic cilia in Xenopus laevis epithelia. Results show which genes are affected by FoxJ1 during the induction of ectopic cilia. Ciliated cells that produce a leftward fluid flow have been proposed to mediate left-right patterning in many vertebrate embryos. These cilia combine features of primary sensory and motile cilia, but how such cilia are specified is unknown. We address this issue by analyzing the Xenopus and Zebrafish homologs of FoxJ1, a forkhead transcription factor necessary for ciliogenesis in multi-ciliate cells of the mouse. We show that the cilia that underlie left-right patterning on the Xenopus gastrocoel roof plate (GRP) and Zebrafish Kupffer’s vesicle (KV) are severely shortened or fail to form in FoxJ1 morphants. We also show that misexpressing XFoxJ1 is sufficient to induce ectopic GRP-like cilia formation in frog embryos. Microarray analysis indicates that XFoxJ1 induces the formation of cilia by upregulating the expression of motile cilia genes. These results indicate that FoxJ1 is a critical determinant in specifying cilia used in left-right patterning. Keywords: Cilia Induction
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