Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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A lower impact of exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols than to cigarette smoke in human organotypic buccal and small airway cultures was demonstrated using systems toxicology assessment

ABSTRACT: In the context of tobacco harm-reduction strategy, the potential reduced impact of electronic cigarette (EC) exposure should be evaluated relative to the impact of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. We conducted a series of in vitro studies to compare the biological impact of an acute exposure to aerosols of “Test Mix” (flavors, nicotine, and humectants), “Base” (nicotine and humectants), and “Carrier” (humectants) formulations using MarkTen® EC device with the impact of CS exposure, at a matching puff number, using human organotypic air–liquid interface buccal and small airway cultures. We measured the concentrations of nicotine and carbonyls deposited in the exposure chamber after each exposure experiment. The deposited nicotine concentrations were used as a measure of nicotine delivery to assess harm reduction relative to CS. The deposited carbonyl concentrations were used as representative measures to assess the reduced exposure to potentially toxic volatile substances. We followed a systems toxicology approach whereby functional biological endpoints, such as histopathology and ciliary beating frequency, were complemented by multiplex and omics assays to measure secreted inflammatory proteins and whole-genome transcriptomes, respectively. Among the endpoints analyzed, the only parameters that showed a significant response to EC exposure were secretion of proteins and whole-genome transcriptomes. Based on the multiplex and omics analyses, the cellular responses to EC aerosol exposure were tissue type-specific; however, those alterations were much smaller than those following CS exposure, even when the EC aerosol exposure under the testing conditions resulted in a deposited nicotine concentration approximately 200 times that in saliva of EC users.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Alain Sewer

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-7577 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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A lower impact of an acute exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols than to cigarette smoke in human organotypic buccal and small airway cultures was demonstrated using systems toxicology assessment.

Iskandar Anita R AR Zanetti Filippo F Kondylis Athanasios A Martin Florian F Leroy Patrice P Majeed Shoaib S Steiner Sandro S Xiang Yang Y Ortega Torres Laura L Trivedi Keyur K Guedj Emmanuel E Merg Celine C Frentzel Stefan S Ivanov Nikolai V NV Doshi Utkarsh U Lee Kyeonghee Monica KM McKinney Willie J WJ Peitsch Manuel C MC Hoeng Julia J

Internal and emergency medicine 20190305 6

In the context of tobacco harm-reduction strategy, the potential reduced impact of electronic cigarette (EC) exposure should be evaluated relative to the impact of cigarette smoke exposure. We conducted a series of in vitro studies to compare the biological impact of an acute exposure to aerosols of "test mix" (flavors, nicotine, and humectants), "base" (nicotine and humectants), and "carrier" (humectants) formulations using MarkTen<sup>®</sup> EC devices with the impact of exposure to smoke of ...[more]

PMID: 30835057

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Project description:We previously put forward a multi-layer systems toxicology framework for in vitro assessment of e-liquids that is meant to complement the battery of classical assays for genotoxicity testing. The framework started with the first layer to screen e-liquids for their potential toxicity, followed by the second layer to investigate the toxicity-related mechanism of a selected e-liquid(s), and finally the third layer to evaluate the toxicity-related mechanism of the corresponding aerosol(s). In this work, we leveraged this framework to assess the biological impact of an e-liquid MESH™ “Classic Tobacco” and its aerosol in comparison with the impact of 3R4F reference cigarettes. In the first layer, we evaluated the cytotoxicity profile of the MESH Classic Tobacco liquid (containing humectants, nicotine, and flavors) and its Base liquid (containing humectant and nicotine only) in comparison with total particulate matter (TPM) of 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). In the second layer, we explored changes in specific markers using high content screening assays to identify potential toxicity-related mechanisms of the MESH Classic Tobacco and Base liquids beyond cell viability compared with the 3R4F TPM-induced effects. In the third layer, we compared the biological impact of exposure to the MESH Classic Tobacco aerosol with CS using human organotypic buccal and small airway epithelial cultures. The results showed that the cytotoxicity profile of the MESH Classic Tobacco liquid was similar to the Base liquid but lower than the toxicity of 3R4F TPM at comparable nicotine concentrations. When compared with CS exposure, MESH Classic Tobacco aerosol exposure did not cause tissue damage and elicited lower changes in the global mRNA, global microRNA, and protein markers. The global mRNA changes following Classic Tobacco aerosol exposure indicated perturbations in processes related to cell fate, cell stress, and inflammatory response that were less than 20% of the perturbations following CS exposure. In the context of tobacco-harm reduction strategy, the framework is suitable to assess the potential reduced impact of EC aerosol relative to CS.

Project description:Cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to increase predisposition to oral cancer and is also recognized as a risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis, and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount of nicotine, is a promising new paradigm in harm reduction. In this study, we compared effects of exposure to aerosol derived from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, with those of CS generated from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Human organotypic oral epithelial tissue cultures (EpiOral, MatTek Corporation) were exposed for 28 min to 3R4F CS or THS2.2 aerosol, both diluted with air to comparable nicotine concentrations (0.32 or 0.51 mg nicotine/L aerosol/CS for 3R4F and 0.31 or 0.46 mg/L for THS2.2). We also tested one higher concentration (1.09 mg/L) of THS2.2. A systems toxicology approach was employed combining cellular assays (i.e., cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 activity assays), comprehensive molecular investigations of the buccal epithelial transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) by means of computational network biology, measurements of secreted proinflammatory markers, and histopathological analysis. We observed that the impact of 3R4F CS was greater than THS2.2 aerosol in terms of cytotoxicity, morphological tissue alterations, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the exposed oral cultures revealed significant perturbations in various network models such as apoptosis, necroptosis, senescence, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) signaling. The stress responses following THS2.2 aerosol exposure were markedly decreased, and the exposed cultures recovered more completely compared with those exposed to 3R4F CS.

Project description:Besides its well-known effects increasing predisposition to oral cancer, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is an important risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount of nicotine, is a promising new paradigm in harm reduction. In this study we compared effects of exposure to aerosol derived from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, with those of conventional smoke generated from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Human organotypic oral epithelial tissue cultures (EpiOralï¾, MatTek Corporation) were exposed for 28 min to 3R4F CS or THS2.2 aerosol, both diluted with air to comparable nicotine concentrations (0.32 or 0.51 mg nicotine/L aerosol/smoke for 3R4F and 0.31 or 0.46 mg/L for THS2.2). We also tested one higher concentration (1.09 mg/L) of THS2.2. A systems toxicology approach was employed combining cellular assays (i.e. cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 activity assays), comprehensive molecular investigations of the buccal epithelial transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) by means of computational network biology, measurements of secreted proinflammatory markers, histopathological analysis. We observed that the impact of 3R4F CS was greater than THS2.2 aerosol in terms of cytotoxicity, morphological tissue alterations and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the exposed oral cultures revealed significant perturbations in various network models such as apoptosis, necroptosis, senescence, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) signaling. The stress responses following THS2.2 aerosol exposure were markedly decreased and the exposed cultures recovered better as compared with those exposed to 3R4F CS.

Dataset Information

A lower impact of exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols than to cigarette smoke in human organotypic buccal and small airway cultures was demonstrated using systems toxicology assessment

Publications

A lower impact of an acute exposure to electronic cigarette aerosols than to cigarette smoke in human organotypic buccal and small airway cultures was demonstrated using systems toxicology assessment.

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