Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Transcription profiling of Streptomyces coelicolor to investigate the role of sigma factors

ABSTRACT: The differentiating bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor harbours some 66 sigma factors, which support its complex life cycle. σB, a functional homologue of σS from Escherichia coli, controls both osmoprotection and differentiation in S. coelicolor A3(2). Microarray analysis revealed σB-dependent induction of more than 280 genes by 0.2 M KCl. These genes encode several sigma factors, oxidative defence proteins, chaperones, systems to provide osmolytes, cysteine, mycothiol, and gas vesicle. σB controlled induction of itself and its two paralogues (σL and σM) in a hierarchical order of σB→σL→σM, as revealed by S1 mapping and Western blot analyses. The phenotype of each sigma mutant suggested a sequential action in morphological differentiation; σB in forming aerial mycelium, σL in forming spores and σM for efficient sporulation. σB was also responsible for the increase in cysteine and mycothiol, the major thiol buffer in actinomycetes, upon osmotic shock, revealing an overlap between protections against osmotic and oxidative stresses. Proteins in sigB mutant were more oxidized (carbonylated) than the wild type. These results support a hypothesis that σB serves as a master regulator that triggers other related sigma factors in a cascade, and thus regulates differentiation and osmotic and oxidative response in S. coelicolor.

ORGANISM(S): Streptomyces coelicolor

SUBMITTER: Janos Demeter

PROVIDER: E-SMDB-4094 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:In actinomycetes, antibiotic production is often associated with a morpho-physiological differentiation program that is regulated by complex molecular and metabolic networks. Many aspects of these regulatory circuits have been already elucidated and many others still deserve further investigations. In this regard, the possible role of many small open-reading frames(smORFs) in actinomycete morpho-physiological differentiation is still elusive. In Streptomyces coelicolor, inactivation of the smORF trpM (SCO2038) - whose product modulates L-tryptophan metabolism - impairs production of antibiotics and morphological differentiation. Indeed, it was demonstrated that TrpM is able to interact with PepA (SCO2179), a putative cytosol aminopeptidase playing a key role in antibiotic production and sporulation. In this work, a S. coelicolor trpM knock-in (Sco-trpMKI) mutant strain was generated by cloning trpM into overexpressing vector to further investigate the role of trpM in actinomycete growth and morpho-physiological differentiation. Results highlighted that trpM: i) stimulates growth and actinorhodin production; ii) decreases calcium-dependent antibiotic production; iii) has no effect on undecylprodigiosin production. Metabolic pathways influenced by trpM knock-in were investigated by combining two-difference in gel electrophoresis/nanoliquid chromatography coupled to electrospray linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (2D-DIGE/nanoLC-ESI-LIT- MS/MS) and by LC-ESI-MS/MS procedures, respectively. These analyses demonstrated that over-expression of trpM causes an over-representation of factors involved in protein synthesis and nucleotide metabolism as well as a down-representation of proteins involved in central carbon and amino acid metabolism. At the metabolic level, this corresponded to a differential accumulation pattern of different amino acids - including aromatic ones but tryptophan – and central carbon intermediates. PepA was also down-represented in Sco-trpMKI. The latter was produced as recombinant His- tagged protein and was originally proven having the predicted aminopeptidase activity. Altogether, these results highlight the stimulatory effect of trpM in S. coelicolor growth and actinorhodin biosynthesis, which are elicited through the modulation of various metabolic pathways and PepA representation, further confirming the complexity of regulatory networks that control antibiotic production in actinomycetes.

Project description:Background The genomes of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans bear a considerable degree of orthology. While S. coelicolor is the model streptomycete for studying antibiotic synthesis and differentiation, S. lividans is almost exclusively considered as the preferred host, among actinomycetes, for cloning and expression of exogenous DNA. We used whole genome microarrays as a comparative genomics tool for identifying the subtle yet crucial differences between these two chromosomes. Results We identified five large S. coelicolor genomic islands (≥25 kb) and 18 smaller islets absent in S. lividans chromosome. Many of these regions show anomalous GC bias and codon usage patterns. Six of them are in close vicinity of tRNA genes while nine are flanked with near perfect repeat sequences indicating that these are probable recent evolutionary acquisitions into S. coelicolor. Embedded within these segments are at least four DNA methylases and two probable methyl-sensing restriction endonucleases. Comparison with S. coelicolor transcriptome and proteome data revealed that some of the missing genes are active during the course of growth and differentiation in S. coelicolor. In particular, a pair of methylmalonyl CoA mutase (mcm) genes involved in polyketide precursor biosynthesis, an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase implicated in timing of actinorhodin synthesis and bldB, a developmentally significant regulator whose mutation causes complete abrogation of antibiotic synthesis belong to this category. Conclusion Our findings provide tangible hints for elucidating the genetic basis of important phenotypic differences between these two streptomycetes. Importantly, absence of certain genes in S. lividans identified here could potentially explain the relative ease of DNA transformations or the conditional lack of actinorhodin synthesis in S. lividans. Further genetic studies based on these results will enable one to target specific sequences in the genetically well-characterized S. coelicolor to adapt it for industrial processes. Keywords: Comparative Genomic Hybridization

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Transcription profiling of Streptomyces coelicolor to investigate the role of sigma factors

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