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Cytotoxic CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cells contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.


ABSTRACT:

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and tissues with high cellular heterogeneity. CD8+ T cell activity is involved in the SLE pathogenesis. However, the cellular heterogeneity and the underlying mechanisms of CD8+ T cells in SLE remain to be identified.

Methods

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMCs from a SLE family pedigree (including 3 HCs and 2 SLE patients) was performed to identify the SLE-associated CD8+ T cell subsets. Flow cytometry analysis of a SLE cohort (including 23 HCs and 33 SLE patients), qPCR analysis of another SLE cohort (including 30 HCs and 25 SLE patients) and public scRNA-seq datasets of autoimmune diseases were employed to validate the finding. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of this SLE family pedigree was used to investigate the genetic basis in dysregulation of CD8+ T cell subsets identified in this study. Co-culture experiments were performed to analyze the activity of CD8+ T cells.

Findings

We elucidated the cellular heterogeneity of SLE and identified a new highly cytotoxic CD8+ T cell subset, CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cell subpopulation, which was remarkably increased in SLE patients. Meanwhile, we discovered a close correlation between mutation of DTHD1 and the abnormal accumulation of CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cells in SLE. DTHD1 interacted with MYD88 to suppress its activity in T cells and DTHD1 mutation promoted MYD88-dependent pathway and subsequently increased the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cells. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes in CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cells displayed a strong out-of-sample prediction for case-control status of SLE.

Interpretation

This study identified DTHD1-associated expansion of CD161-CD8+ TEMRA cell subpopulation is critical for SLE. Our study highlights genetic association and cellular heterogeneity of SLE pathogenesis and provides a mechanistical insight into the diagnosis and treatment of SLE.

Fundings

Stated in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript.

SUBMITTER: Xiong H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10011749 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Cytotoxic CD161<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>EMRA</sub> cells contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Xiong Hui H   Cui Mintian M   Kong Ni N   Jing Jiongjie J   Xu Ying Y   Liu Xiuting X   Yang Fan F   Xu Zhen Z   Yan Yu Y   Zhao Dongyang D   Zou Ziqi Z   Xia Meng M   Cen Junjie J   Tan Guozhen G   Huai Cong C   Fu Qiong Q   Guo Qing Q   Chen Kun K  

EBioMedicine 20230307


<h4>Background</h4>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and tissues with high cellular heterogeneity. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activity is involved in the SLE pathogenesis. However, the cellular heterogeneity and the underlying mechanisms of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in SLE remain to be identified.<h4>Methods</h4>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of PBMCs from a SLE family pedigree (including 3 HCs and 2 SLE patients) was performed to  ...[more]

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