Dataset Information

A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Health disparities arise from biological-environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.

Methods

We estimated brain age gap (BAG) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 239 city-dwelling participants in St. Louis, Missouri. We compared these participants to population-level estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). We used geospatial analysis to identify neighborhoods associated with patterns of altered brain structure. We also evaluated the relationship between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and BAG.

Results

We identify areas in St. Louis, Missouri that were significantly associated with higher BAG from a spatially representative cohort. We provide replication code.

Conclusion

We observe a relationship between neighborhoods and brain health, which suggests that neighborhood-based interventions could be appropriate. We encourage other studies to geocode participant information to evaluate biological-environmental interaction.

SUBMITTER: Wisch JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10019584 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan-Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context.

Wisch Julie K JK Babulal Ganesh M GM Petersen Kalen K Millar Peter R PR Shacham Enbal E Scroggins Stephen S Boerwinkle Anna H AH Flores Shaney S Keefe Sarah S Gordon Brian A BA Morris John C JC Ances Beau M BM

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20230101 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Health disparities arise from biological-environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>We estimated brain age gap (BAG) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 239 city-dwelling participants in St. Louis, Missouri. We compared these participa ...[more]

PMID: 36935765

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Project description:IntroductionTobacco product prices and consumers' income are the two major economic determinants of tobacco demand. The affordability of tobacco products is dependent on the price of tobacco products relative to consumer income. Increase in tobacco tax is expected to lead to higher price, lower affordability, and reduced consumption. Price elasticity and affordability elasticity are used in analyzing the effect of tobacco tax increases on tobacco consumption and public health. The availability of both parameters raises the question of which one to apply in policy discussions.Aims and methodsUsing global data on cigarette consumption, price, income, and tobacco control measures for 169 countries over 2007-2016, this study estimated the price elasticity and affordability elasticity of cigarette consumption by country income classification using country-specific fixed effects model for panel data.ResultsThe estimates show that the restriction of equal strength of the effects of price and income changes on tobacco consumption maintained in affordability elasticity estimation is valid for low- and middle-income countries, while it is rejected for high-income countries.ConclusionsAffordability elasticity may prove to be a useful parameter to explain and predict the sensitivity of consumers to tobacco tax and price policy changes under conditions of robust economic growth, which are more likely to be observed in countries with initial low- or middle-income setting. It can provide a reasonable benchmark for tobacco tax and price increase necessary to effectively reduce affordability and consumption of tobacco, which can form a basis for building systematic tax and price increases into the tobacco tax policy mechanism.ImplicationsPrice elasticity measures the sensitivity of consumers to changes in real prices, holding real income constant. Affordability elasticity measures the sensitivity of consumers to price changes adjusted for inflation and income changes. Existing scientific literature on tobacco demand abounds in both price and affordability elasticity estimates, without providing a clear explanation of the theoretical and policy implications of using one parameter over the other. By estimating and comparing price and affordability elasticities for high-income and low-and-middle-income countries separately, this article offers a guide to the practitioners in tobacco taxation for evaluating the effectiveness of tax-induced price increases on tobacco consumption.

Dataset Information

A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context.

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