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Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters.

ABSTRACT: Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an important component in many conditioning regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Because of its frequent toxicity, patient selection is crucial, making it of interest to identify factors improving engraftment. In this retrospective single center analysis, the characteristics of 48 adult such patients were studied. Mean overall survival (OS) was 22.2 months after allo-HSCT. Interestingly, people with an interval ≥3 days between TBI completion and allo-HSCT showed improved OS, when compared to a shorter interval (p = 0.10). Peripheral blood kinetics after successful engraftment also differed, with a longer interval resulting in a higher platelet count and lower leukocyte and neutrophil (p < 0.05) count. These data suggest that the exact timing of TBI before allo-HSCT might directly impact a patient's survival and could help single out those at higher risk of graft failure who might benefit from an altered conditioning regimen.

SUBMITTER: Dejonckheere CS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10067066 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters.

Dejonckheere Cas S CS Böhner Alexander M C AMC Schmitz Eva E Holderried Tobias A W TAW Schmeel Leonard C LC Brossart Peter P Giordano Frank A FA Köksal Mümtaz A MA

Cancer medicine 20221120 6

Total body irradiation (TBI) remains an important component in many conditioning regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Because of its frequent toxicity, patient selection is crucial, making it of interest to identify factors improving engraftment. In this retrospective single center analysis, the characteristics of 48 adult such patients were studied. Mean overall survival (OS) was 22.2 months after allo-HSCT. Interestingly, people with an interval ≥3 da ...[more]

PMID: 36404470

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Project description:Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers curative therapy for many patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, post-HCT relapse remains a major problem, particularly in patients with high-risk cytogenetics. In this prospective phase II trial, we assessed the efficacy and toxicity of treosulfan, fludarabine, and 2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) as conditioning for allogeneic HCT in patients with MDS or AML. Ninety-six patients with MDS (n = 36: 15 refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia, 10 refractory anemia with excess blasts type 1, 10 refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2, 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia type 1) or AML (n = 60: 35 first complete remission [CR], 18 second CR, 3 advanced CR, 4 refractory relapse) were enrolled; median age was 51 (range, 1 to 60) years. Twelve patients had undergone a prior HCT with high-intensity conditioning. Patients received 14 g/m(2)/day treosulfan i.v. on days -6 to -4, 30 mg/m(2)/day fludarabine i.v. on days -6 to -2, and 2 Gy TBI on day 0, followed by infusion of hematopoietic cells from related (n = 27) or unrelated (n = 69) donors. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and methotrexate. With a median follow-up of 30 months, the 2-year overall survival (OS), relapse incidence, and nonrelapse mortality were 73%, 27%, and 8%, respectively. The incidences of grades II to IV (III to IV) acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were 59% (10%) and 47%, respectively. Two-year OS was not significantly different between MDS patients with poor-risk and good/intermediate-risk cytogenetics (69% and 85%, respectively) or between AML patients with unfavorable and favorable/intermediate-risk cytogenetics (64% and 76%, respectively). In AML patients, minimal residual disease (MRD; n = 10) at the time of HCT predicted higher relapse incidence (70% versus 18%) and lower OS (41% versus 79%) at 2 years, when compared with patients without MRD. In conclusion, treosulfan, fludarabine, and low-dose TBI provided effective conditioning for allogeneic HCT in patients with MDS or AML and resulted in low relapse incidence, regardless of cytogenetic risk. In patients with AML, MRD at the time of HCT remained a risk factor for post-HCT relapse.

Dataset Information

Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters.

Publications

Peripheral blood kinetics following total body irradiation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Timing matters.

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