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The tumor ecosystem in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and advances in ecotherapy.

ABSTRACT: The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multi-step process, and its survival depends on a complex tumor ecosystem, which not only promotes tumor growth but also helps to protect tumor cells from immune surveillance. With the advances of existing technologies and emerging models for ecosystem research, the evidence for cell-cell interplay is increasing. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the interaction between tumor cells, the major components of the HNSCC tumor ecosystem, and summarize the mechanisms of how biological and abiotic factors affect the tumor ecosystem. In addition, we review the emerging ecological treatment strategy for HNSCC based on existing studies.

SUBMITTER: Gong Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10077663 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The tumor ecosystem in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and advances in ecotherapy.

Gong Yingying Y Bao Lisha L Xu Tong T Yi Xiaofen X Chen Jinming J Wang Shanshan S Pan Zongfu Z Huang Ping P Ge Minghua M

Molecular cancer 20230406 1

The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multi-step process, and its survival depends on a complex tumor ecosystem, which not only promotes tumor growth but also helps to protect tumor cells from immune surveillance. With the advances of existing technologies and emerging models for ecosystem research, the evidence for cell-cell interplay is increasing. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the interaction between tumor cells, the major components o ...[more]

PMID: 37024932

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Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Project description:Surgery with the assistance of conventional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy is the basis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, with these treatment modalities, the recurrence and metastasis of tumors remain at a high level. Increasingly, the evidence indicates an excellent anti-tumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematological malignancy treatment, and this novel immunotherapy has attracted researchers' attention in HNSCC treatment. Although several clinical trials have been conducted, the weak anti-tumor effect and the side effects of CAR-T cell therapy against HNSCC are barriers to clinical translation. The limited choices of targeting proteins, the barriers of CAR-T cell infiltration into targeted tumors and short survival time in vivo should be solved. In this review, we introduce barriers of CAR-T cell therapy in HNSCC. The limitations and current promising strategies to overcome barriers in solid tumors, as well as the applications for HNSCC treatment, are covered. The perspectives of CAR-T cell therapy in future HNSCC treatment are also discussed.

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Advances in T-cell checkpoint immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Project description:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been found to be a complex group of malignancies characterized by their profound immunosuppression and high aggressiveness. In most cases of advanced HNSCC, treatment fails to obtain total cancer cure. Efforts are needed to develop new therapeutic approaches to improve HNSCC outcomes. In this light, T-cells "immune checkpoint" has attracted much attention in cancer immunotherapy. It has been broadly accepted that inhibitory T-cell immune checkpoints contribute to tumor immune escape through negative immune regulatory signals (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 [CTLA-4], programmed cell death 1 [PD-1], B7-H3, and B7-H4, etc). Current data suggest that PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors can inhibit T-cell receptors and T-cell proliferation. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and/or CTLA-4/CD28 pathways has shown promising tumor outcomes in clinical trials for advanced solid tumors like melanoma, renal cell cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The present review attempts to explore what is known about PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD28 pathways with a focus on HNSCC. We further discuss how these pathways can be manipulated with therapeutic intent.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Project description:Quantitative (iTRAQ 4-plex) proteomic analysis of progressive head and neck cancers

2022-03-01 | PXD001438 | Pride

Genomics and advances towards precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Project description:Objective:To provide a review of emerging knowledge from genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and clinical precision medicine studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data Sources:The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) publications, PubMed-based literature review, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Review Methods:TCGA publications, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried for genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and developmental clinical precision medicine studies in HNSCC. Results:TCGA reported comprehensive genomic analyses of 279 HNSCC, defining the landscape and frequency of chromosomal copy number alterations, mutations, and expressed genes that contribute to pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to therapy. This provides a road map for basic science and preclinical studies to identify key pathways in cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment affected by these alterations, and candidate targets for new small molecule and biologic therapies. Conclusion:Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and expression of genes affecting HNSCC subsets are associated with differences in prognosis, and define molecules, pathways, and deregulated immune responses as candidates for therapy. Activity of molecularly targeted agents appears to be enhanced by rational combinations of these agents and standard therapies targeting the complex alterations that affect multiple pathways and mechanisms in HNSCC. Level of Evidence:NA.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Project description:The immune system plays an important role in the evolution of malignancy and has become an important target for novel antineoplastic agents. This review article focuses on key features of tumor immunology, including the role of immunotherapy in general and as it pertains to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Side effects, resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic monitoring strategies pertaining to immunotherapy are discussed.

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Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Project description:Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer. A majority of patients present with localized disease, but some can present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Most of these advanced cases occur in the anatomical head and neck region and are associated with more aggressive disease, necessitating prompt and effective treatment. Prior to the emergence of immunotherapy, systemic treatment options were limited to platinum-based chemotherapy and salvaged with targeted epidermal growth factor therapy. These therapies were associated with poor efficacy and increased toxicity in an often frail, older population. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved outcomes in this patient population due to its favorable side effect profile, durable treatment response, and improved overall outcomes. In this review, an overview of the recent advances of immunotherapy in the management of CSCC in the anatomical head and neck region is provided, with a focus on advanced presentations.

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Immunomodulatory Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Clinical Prospects.

Project description:The immune system plays a significant role in the development, invasion, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Over the last decade, the emergence of immunotherapy has irreversibly altered the paradigm of cancer treatment. The current treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has failed to provide satisfactory clinical outcomes. To encounter this, there is a need for a novel or targeted therapy such as immunological targets along with conventional treatment strategy for optimal therapeutic outcomes. The immune system can contribute to promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth by exploiting the tumor's influence on the microenvironment. Immunological targets have been found effective in recent clinical studies and have shown promising results. This review outlines the important immunological targets and the medications acting on them that have already been explored, are currently under clinical trials and are further being targeted.

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[Advances in risk factors and genetic risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma].

Project description:With the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma increasing year by year and the epidemiological trend changes, the research on risk factors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its primary prevention has attracted more and more attention. At present, many risk factors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been studied, which can be divided into genetic factors and non-genetic factors. Among the non-genetic factors, viral infection （HPV virus, Epstein-Barr virus）, lifestyle （smoking, drinking, diet, chewing betel nut）, social behavior factors, immunosuppression, occupational exposure, and other factors are closely related to HNSCC incidence. In this paper, the research progress of HNSCC related risk factors is reviewed to provide evidence for the identification of the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and reduce the risk behaviors to reduce the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Galanin mediates tumor-induced immunosuppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Project description:PurposeGalanin receptor 2 (GALR2) plays a significant role in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Since there is virtually no information on immunomodulation mediated by its ligand in the tumor microenvironment, we assessed the effects of galanin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsAfter verification of GALR2 expression and it activity in PBMCs we evaluated the effect of galanin and conditioned media from HNSCC cell lines silenced for galanin or antibody-depleted, on proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine expression and activation/differentiation of immune cells.ResultsWe found that galanin alone and as a component of the HNSCC secretome decreased HNSCC cell proliferation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α), whilst increasing apoptosis and expression of pro-tumoral cytokines/growth factors (IL-10, IL-4, PDGF and GM-CSF). T cell activation (using CD69 as activation marker) and anti-tumoral phenotypes in CD4+ T cells (Th1 and Th17) were found to be suppressed. In vivo, tumor growth was found to be increased in the presence of galanin-stimulated PBMCs. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that high expression of galanin was associated with a reduced overall survival of patients with HNSCC.ConclusionOur data indicate that galanin secreted by HNSCC cells exhibits immune-suppressive and pro-tumoral effects.

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