Dataset Information

Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

The risk of epilepsy after neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease, particularly iGBS sepsis, is poorly understood.

Objective

To examine the association between neonatal iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) and long-term risk of epilepsy, stratified by sex, prematurity, and maternal socioeconomic position (SEP).

Design, setting, and participants

This population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark with an inclusion period from 1997 through 2017 and follow-up until the end of 2018. A general population comparison cohort was randomly sampled and matched up to 10:1 to the exposed cohort. Linkage between Danish national registers were applied for data collection. Participants were infants aged 0 to 89 days. The general population comparison cohort was matched by sex, the child's year and month of birth, and gestational age. SEP was defined by maternal income and education.

Exposure

Hospital-diagnosed iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) during the first 89 days after birth.

Outcomes and measures

Epilepsy was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and/or prescription codes for antiepileptic drugs using Danish medical registry data. Cumulative risk (CR) of epilepsy was calculated by treating death as a competing event. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Effect modification by sex, prematurity, and maternal SEP was assessed on an additive scale.

Results

A total of 1432 children (792 [55.3%] boys; 1126 [78.6%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks) were identified with iGBS disease: 1264 with sepsis and 168 with meningitis. In the comparison cohort, there were 14 211 children (7869 [55.4%] boys; 11 260 [79.2%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks). The overall (0 to 22 years) CR of epilepsy was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%) in children with iGBS disease and 2.3% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.7%) in the comparison cohort. The overall CR of epilepsy for iGBS meningitis was 15.1% (95% CI, 8.9%-22.8%) and 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.4%) for iGBS sepsis. The adjusted hazard ratio for epilepsy in children with iGBS disease was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.46-2.85). Being a boy, born premature, or born to a mother belonging to a low SEP group was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in later childhood.

Conclusion

In this population-based cohort study of 1432 neonates, iGBS disease was associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy in later childhood, notably after meningitis. Premature birth, sex, and low maternal SEP modified the association.

SUBMITTER: Lykke MR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10122176 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark.

Lykke Malene Risager MR Sørensen Henrik Toft HT Lawn Joy Elisabeth JE Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet E

JAMA network open 20230403 4

<h4>Importance</h4>The risk of epilepsy after neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease, particularly iGBS sepsis, is poorly understood.<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the association between neonatal iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) and long-term risk of epilepsy, stratified by sex, prematurity, and maternal socioeconomic position (SEP).<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark with an inclusion period from 1997 through 2017 and f ...[more]

PMID: 37083662

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Project description:Background and aimsPrevious evidence has mainly supported transient changes in cardiac function during interictal or peri-ictal phases in people with epilepsy, but the long-term risk of cardiac arrhythmias is poorly described. This study aimed to assess the long-term association of epilepsy with cardiac arrhythmias, considering the potential role of genetic predisposition and antiseizure medications (ASMs) in any associations observed.MethodsThis population-based study evaluated UK Biobank data for individuals recruited between 2006 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards models and competing risk models were used to examine the association of epilepsy history with the long-term incidence risk of cardiac arrhythmias and arrhythmias subtypes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated to investigate the effect of genetic susceptibility. The role of ASMs was also evaluated by integrating observational and drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) evidence.ResultsThe study included 329 432 individuals, including 2699 people with epilepsy. Compared with those without epilepsy, people with epilepsy experienced an increased risk of all cardiac arrhythmias [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.53], atrial fibrillation (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.46), and other cardiac arrhythmias (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34-1.81). The associations were not modified by genetic predisposition as indicated by PRS. Competing and sensitivity analyses corroborated these results. Individuals with epilepsy using ASMs, especially carbamazepine and valproic acid, were at a higher risk for cardiac arrhythmias. This observation was further supported by drug target MR results (PSMR < .05 and PHEIDI > .05).ConclusionThis study revealed the higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias persists long term in people with epilepsy, especially among those using carbamazepine and valproic acid. These findings highlight the need for regular heart rhythm monitoring and management in people with epilepsy in order to reduce the risk of further cardiovascular complications.

Project description:ImportanceFebrile seizures occur in 2% to 5% of children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years. Many affected children experience recurrent febrile seizures. However, little is known about the association between recurrent febrile seizures and subsequent prognosis.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of recurrent febrile seizures and whether there is an association over long-term follow-up between recurrent febrile seizures and epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and death in a large, nationwide, population-based cohort in Denmark.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based cohort study evaluated data from all singleton children born in Denmark between January 1, 1977, and December 31, 2011, who were identified through the Danish Civil Registration System. Children born in Denmark who were alive and residing in Denmark at age 3 months were included (N = 2 103 232). The study was conducted from September 1, 2017, to June 1, 2019.ExposuresHospital contacts with children who developed febrile seizures between age 3 months and 5 years.Main outcomes and measuresChildren diagnosed with epilepsy were identified in the Danish National Patient Register and children diagnosed with psychiatric disorders were identified in the Psychiatric Central Research Register. Competing risk regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the cumulative and relative risk of febrile seizures, recurrent febrile seizures, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and death.ResultsOf the 2 103 232 children (1 024 049 [48.7%] girls) in the study population, a total of 75 593 children (3.6%) were diagnosed with a first febrile seizure between 1977 and 2016. Febrile seizures were more common in boys (3.9%; 95% CI, 3.9%-4.0%) than in girls (3.3%; 95% CI, 3.2%-3.3%), corresponding to a 21% relative risk difference (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.19-1.22). However, the risks of recurrent febrile seizures, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and death were similar in boys and girls. The risk of (recurrent) febrile seizures increased with the number of febrile seizures: 3.6% at birth, 22.7% (95% CI, 22.4%-23.0%) after the first febrile seizure, 35.6% (95% CI, (34.9%-36.3%) after the second febrile seizure, and 43.5% (95% CI, (42.3%-44.7%) after the third febrile seizure. The risk of epilepsy increased progressively with the number of hospital admissions with febrile seizures. The 30-year cumulative risk of epilepsy was 2.2% (95% CI, (2.1%-2.2%) at birth compared with 15.8% (95% CI, 14.6%-16.9%) after the third febrile seizure, while the corresponding estimates for risk of psychiatric disorders were 17.2% (95% CI, 17.2%-17.3%) at birth and 29.1% (95% CI, 27.2%-31.0%) after the third febrile seizure. Mortality was increased among children with recurrent febrile seizures (1.0%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.0% at birth vs 1.9%; 95% CI, 1.4%-2.7% after the third febrile seizure), although this risk was associated primarily with children who later developed epilepsy.Conclusions and relevanceA history of recurrent febrile seizures appears to be associated with a risk of epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, but increased mortality was found only in individuals who later developed epilepsy.

Dataset Information

Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Exposure

Outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark.

Similar Datasets

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