Visual policy narrative messaging improves COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shanahan EA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10122412 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Visual policy narrative messaging improves COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Shanahan Elizabeth A EA DeLeo Rob A RA Albright Elizabeth A EA Li Meng M Koebele Elizabeth A EA Taylor Kristin K Crow Deserai Anderson DA Dickinson Katherine L KL Minkowitz Honey H Birkland Thomas A TA Zhang Manli M
PNAS nexus 20230418 4
In the face of vaccine hesitancy, public health officials are seeking more effective risk communication approaches to increase vaccination rates. We test the influence of visual policy narratives on COVID-19 vaccination behavior through a panel survey experiment conducted in early 2021 (<i>n</i> = 3,900) and then 8 weeks later (<i>n</i> = 2,268). We examine the effects of three visual policy narrative messages that test the narrative mechanism of character selection (<i>yourself</i>, <i>your cir ...[more]
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Project description:Widespread vaccination remains the best option for controlling the spread of COVID-19 and ending the pandemic. Despite the considerable disruption the virus has caused to people's lives, many people are still hesitant to receive a vaccine. Without high rates of uptake, however, the pandemic is likely to be prolonged. Here we use two survey experiments to study how persuasive messaging affects COVID-19 vaccine uptake intentions. In the first experiment, we test a large number of treatment messages. One subgroup of messages draws on the idea that mass vaccination is a collective action problem and highlighting the prosocial benefit of vaccination or the reputational costs that one might incur if one chooses not to vaccinate. Another subgroup of messages built on contemporary concerns about the pandemic, like issues of restricting personal freedom or economic security. We find that persuasive messaging that invokes prosocial vaccination and social image concerns is effective at increasing intended uptake and also the willingness to persuade others and judgments of non-vaccinators. We replicate this result on a nationally representative sample of Americans and observe that prosocial messaging is robust across subgroups, including those who are most hesitant about vaccines generally. The experiments demonstrate how persuasive messaging can induce individuals to be more likely to vaccinate and also create spillover effects to persuade others to do so as well. The first experiment in this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov and can be found under the ID number NCT04460703. This study was registered at Open Science Framework (OSF) at: https://osf.io/qu8nb/?view_only=82f06ecad77f4e54b02e8581a65047d7.
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Project description:BackgroundSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple public health interventions have been implemented to respond to the rapidly evolving pandemic and community needs. This article describes the scope, timing, and impact of coordinated strategies for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Chicago for the first year of vaccine distribution.MethodsUsing a series of interviews with public health officials and leaders of community-based organizations (CBOs) who participated in the implementation of the citywide COVID-19 vaccine outreach initiatives, we constructed a timeline of vaccine outreach initiatives. The timeline was matched to the vaccine uptake rates to explore the impact of the vaccine outreach initiatives by community area. Finally, we discussed the nature of policy initiatives and the level of vaccine uptake in relation to community characteristics.ResultsThe Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) implemented myriad vaccine outreach strategies, including mass vaccination sites, improved access, and community-level vaccine campaigns. Protect Chicago+ was the primary vaccine outreach effort initiated by the CDPH, which identified 15 highly vulnerable community areas. More than 2.7 million (67%) Chicagoans completed the vaccine regimen by December 2021. Black (51.3%) Chicagoans were considerably less likely to be vaccinated than Asian (77.6%), White (69.8%), and Hispanic (63.6%) Chicago residents. In addition, there were significant spatial differences in the rate of COVID-19 vaccine completion: predominantly White and Hispanic communities, compared with Black communities, had higher rates of vaccine completion.ConclusionsThe community outreach efforts to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Chicago have shown the importance of community-engaged approaches in pandemic responses. Despite citywide efforts to build community infrastructure, Black communities had relatively lower levels of vaccine uptake than other communities. Broader social restructuring to mitigate disinvestment and residential segregation and to ameliorate medical mistrust will be needed to prepare for future pandemics and disasters.
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Project description:ObjectivesEfforts to promote COVID-19 vaccine acceptance must consider the critical role of the emergency department (ED) in providing health care to underserved patients. Focusing on patients who lacked primary care, we sought to elicit the perspectives of unvaccinated ED patients regarding COVID-19 vaccination concerns and potential approaches that might increase their vaccine acceptance.MethodsWe conducted this qualitative interview study from August to November 2021 at four urban EDs in San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Durham, North Carolina; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We included ED patients who were ≥18 years old, fluent in English or Spanish, had not received a COVID-19 vaccine, and did not have primary care physicians or clinics. We excluded patients who were unable to complete an interview, in police custody, under suspicion of active COVID-19 illness, or presented with a psychiatric chief complaint. We enrolled until we reached thematic saturation in relevant domains. We analyzed interview transcripts with a content analysis approach focused on identifying concerns about COVID-19 vaccines and ideas regarding the promotion of vaccine acceptance and potential trusted messengers.ResultsOf 65 patients enrolled, 28 (43%) identified as female, their median age was 36 years (interquartile range 29-49), and 12 (18%) interviews were conducted in Spanish. Primary concerns about COVID-19 vaccines included risk of complications, known and unknown side effects, and fear of contracting COVID-19 from vaccines. Trust played a major role for patients in deciding which sources to use for vaccine information and in engendering vaccine acceptance. Health care providers and family or friends were commonly cited as trusted messengers of information.ConclusionsWe characterized concerns about COVID-19 vaccines, uncovered themes that may promote vaccine acceptance, and identified trusted messengers-primarily health care professionals. These data may inform the development of nuanced COVID-19 vaccine messaging platforms to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among underserved ED populations.
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Project description:ImportanceLarge segments of the US population's primary health care access occurs in emergency departments (EDs). These groups have disproportionately high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and lower vaccine uptake.ObjectiveTo determine whether provision of COVID-19 vaccine messaging platforms in EDs increases COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in unvaccinated patients.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted at 7 hospital EDs in 4 US cities from December 6, 2021, to July 28, 2022. Noncritically ill adult patients who had not previously received COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled.InterventionsA 3-pronged COVID-19 vaccine messaging platform (an English- or Spanish-language 4-minute video; a 1-page informational flyer; and a brief, scripted message from an ED physician or nurse) was delivered during patient waiting times.Main outcomes and measuresThe 2 primary outcomes were (1) COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, assessed by survey responses in the ED, and (2) receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine within 30 days, ascertained by ED confirmation of vaccination, electronic health record review, and telephone follow-up.ResultsOf the 496 participants enrolled (221 during intervention weeks and 275 during control weeks), the median (IQR) age was 39 (30-54) years, 205 (41.3%) were female, 193 (38.9%) were African American, 97 (19.6%) were Latinx, and 218 (44.0%) lacked primary care physicians. More intervention group participants, compared with control participants, stated that they would accept the vaccine in the ED (57 [25.8%] vs 33 [12.0%]; adjusted difference, 11.9 [95% CI, 4.5-19.3] percentage points; number needed to treat [NNT], 8 [95% CI, 5-22]). More intervention group participants than control participants received a COVID-19 vaccine within 30 days of their ED visit (44 [20.0%] vs 24 [8.7%]; adjusted difference, 7.9 [95% CI, 1.7-14.1] percentage points; NNT, 13 [95% CI, 7-60]). The intervention group had greater outcome effect sizes than the control group in participants who lacked a primary care physician (acceptance, 38 of 101 [37.6%] vs 16 of 117 [13.7%] [P for interaction = .004]; uptake, 31 of 101 [30.7%] vs 11 of 117 [9.4%] [P for interaction = .006]), as well as in Latinx persons (acceptance, 23 of 52 [44.2%] vs 5 of 48 [10.4%] [P for interaction = .004]; uptake, 22 of 52 [42.3%] vs 4 of 48 [8.3%] [P for interaction < .001]).Conclusions and relevanceResults of this cluster randomized clinical trial showed that with low NNT, implementation of COVID-19 vaccine messaging platforms in EDs leads to greater vaccine acceptance and uptake in unvaccinated ED patients. Broad implementation in EDs could lead to greater COVID-19 vaccine delivery to underserved populations whose primary health care access occurs in EDs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05142332.
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Project description:ObjectiveWe evaluated whether the Massachusetts COVID-19 vaccine lottery increased vaccine uptake.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker to identify total number of adults aged 18 to 64 who received at least first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine or who were fully vaccinated in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Vermont during the study period of March 6 -July 31, 2021. Each of the five states contributed 148 days of a daily report on cumulative number of vaccinated people, comprising 740 state-days as the total sample size. We conducted multivariable, state-day level difference-in-differences (DID) regression using a negative binomial regression model that compared the change in outcomes for Massachusetts to those of four geographically adjacent comparison states without the lotteries, before and after the Massachusetts vaccine lottery announcement (June 15, 2021). Our analyses controlled for key state-level characteristics obtained from the American Community Survey as well as day fixed-effects to capture secular trends in the outcomes.ResultsMassachusetts COVID-19 vaccine lottery was not associated with a significant increase in the number of adults aged 18 to 64 who were fully vaccinated or received at least one dose of the vaccine, compared with other states [Full dose, incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97 to 1.11, P > 0.05; At least one dose, IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.06, P > 0.05].ConclusionsThere was insufficient evidence to conclude that Massachusetts COVID-19 vaccine lottery was associated with increased number of adult COVID-19 vaccinations.
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Project description:In the last two years, the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a scientific and social challenge worldwide. Vaccines have been the most effective intervention for reducing virus transmission and disease severity. However, virus genetic variants are still circulating among vaccinated individuals with different symptomatology disease cases. Understanding the protective or disease associated mechanisms in vaccinated individuals is relevant to advance in vaccine development and implementation. To address this objective, serum protein profiles were characterized by quantitative proteomics and data analysis algorithms in four cohorts of vaccinated individuals uninfected and SARS-CoV-2 infected with asymptomatic, nonsevere and severe disease symptomatology. The results showed that immunoglobulins were the most overrepresented proteins in infected cohorts when compared to PCR-negative individuals. The immunoglobulin profile varied between different infected cohorts and correlated with protective or disease associated capacity. Overrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive individuals correlated with protective response against SARS-CoV-2, other viruses, and thrombosis in asymptomatic cases. In nonsevere cases, correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and HBV together with risk of myasthenia gravis and allergy and autoantibodies were observed. Patients with severe symptoms presented risk for allergy, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and autoantibodies. The analysis of underrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive compared to PCR-negative individuals identified vaccine-induced protective epitopes in various coronavirus proteins including the Spike receptor-binding domain RBD. Non-immunoglobulin proteins were associated with COVID-19 symptoms and biological processes. These results evidence host-associated differences in response to vaccination and the possibility of improving vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
2022-10-14 | PXD031969 | Pride
Project description:BackgroundThe public's willingness to get vaccinated continues to be a source of concern. In this study we assessed the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale (C19-VHS) as well as the association between the scale and self-reported past COVID-19 vaccination, approximately two weeks after the national vaccine distribution plan was launched in Israel.MethodsParticipants were recruited via an online survey distributed through social media platforms and mailing lists. A total of 650 individuals completed the C19-VHS, the general vaccine hesitancy scale, and the fear of COVID-19 scale, and reported on demographic and pandemic-related characteristics. Principal component and Cronbach's alpha analyses were performed to assess the factor structure and reliability of the scale. Logistic regressions were employed to assess the scale's convergent and discriminative validity.ResultsTwo factors pertaining to "lack of confidence" (Factor 1) and "risk perception" (Factor 2) emerged. Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability of Factor 1 (0.93), with lower reliability of Factor 2 (0.72). Younger age was associated with higher risk perception, with women showing less confidence and perceiving greater risks. Lower hesitancy significantly predicted actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake after adjusting for demographic and pandemic-related factors (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.21, p <.001). Older age, being a woman, and receiving the flu vaccine in the past year were also predictive of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.DiscussionThe C19-VHS measure shows robust psychometric properties and is associated with actual vaccine uptake. Future studies assessing COVID-19 vaccination attitudes may utilize this scale to assess current COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in different contexts and cultures.
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Project description: Not available
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