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Exploring the vaccine-induced immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in healthcare workers.

ABSTRACT: We aimed to analyze the kinetics of T-cell-mediated and B-cell-mediated humoral immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after booster vaccination, as well as the impacts of the in vitro test results the type of vaccination on the prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 240 healthcare workers vaccinated twice were serially tested using an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and a neutralizing antibody (nAb). At the end of the study, we investigated the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection of all the enrolled participants to analyze the effects of the test results and the type of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the positive rates were 52.3% and 80.0% for IGRA and 84.6% and 100% for the nAb test before and after booster vaccination, respectively. However, the positive rates were 52.8% for IGRA and 100% for nAb 3 months after booster vaccination. The in vitro test results and the type of vaccination were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antibody response caused by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination lasted more than 6 months, although the response of the T-cells disappeared rapidly after 3 months. However, these in vitro results and the type of vaccination cannot be used for predicting the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

SUBMITTER: Lim YK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10131514 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploring the vaccine-induced immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in healthcare workers.

Lim Yong Kwan YK Kweon Oh Joo OJ Choi Yoojeong Y Yoon Sumi S Kim Tae-Hyoung TH Lee Mi-Kyung MK

Scientific reports 20230426 1

We aimed to analyze the kinetics of T-cell-mediated and B-cell-mediated humoral immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after booster vaccination, as well as the impacts of the in vitro test results the type of vaccination on the prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 240 healthcare workers vaccinated twice were serially tested using an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and a neutralizing antibody (nAb). At the end of the study ...[more]

PMID: 37100845

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Project description:Abstract Background Latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is immunomodulatory and could affect mRNA vaccine responsiveness. We sought to determine the association of CMV serostatus and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with antibody (Ab) titers after primary and booster BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations in healthcare workers (HCWs) and nursing home (NH) residents. Methods Nursing home residents (N = 143) and HCWs (N = 107) were vaccinated and serological responses monitored by serum neutralization activity against Wuhan and Omicron (BA.1) strain spike proteins, and by bead-multiplex immunoglobulin G immunoassay to Wuhan spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Cytomegalovirus serology and levels of inflammatory biomarkers were also measured. Results Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naive CMV seropositive (CMV+) HCWs had significantly reduced Wuhan-neutralizing Ab (P = .013), anti-spike (P = .017), and anti-RBD (P = .011) responses 2 weeks after primary vaccination series compared with responses among CMV seronegative (CMV−) HCWs, adjusting for age, sex, and race. Among NH residents without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers were similar 2 weeks after primary series but were reduced 6 months later (P = .012) between CMV+ and CMV− subjects. Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers from CMV+ NH residents who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection consistently trended lower than titers from SARS-CoV-2 experienced CMV− donors. These impaired Ab responses in CMV+ versus CMV− individuals were not observed after booster vaccination or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions Latent CMV infection adversely affects vaccine-induced responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a neoantigen not previously encountered, in both HCWs and NH residents. Multiple antigenic challenges may be required for optimal mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in CMV+ adults. SARS-CoV-2-naive CMV-seropositive healthcare workers had reduced vaccine responsiveness to primary vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 naive CMV-seropositive nursing home residents had lower neutralizing antibody titers 6 months after primary vaccination. Latent CMV may predispose people to reduced mRNA vaccine responsiveness.

Dataset Information

Exploring the vaccine-induced immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in healthcare workers.

Publications

Exploring the vaccine-induced immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in healthcare workers.

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