Dataset Information

Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Interspecies Horizontal Transmission in Flathead Grey Mullets (Mugil cephalus).

ABSTRACT: Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. We analyzed the pathogenicity of RSIV in flathead grey mullets (Mugil cephalus), the correlation of histopathological lesions, and interspecies horizontal transmission, through immersion infection and cohabitation challenges. Flathead grey mullets, which were challenged by immersion infection, exhibited mortality at 14 and 24 days after RSIV exposure. Viral shedding in seawater peaked 2-3 days before or after the observed mortality. Specific lesions of RSIV were observed in the spleen and kidney, and the correlation between histopathological grade and viral load was the highest in the spleen. In a cohabitation challenge, flathead grey mullets were the donors, and healthy rock bream, red sea bream, and flathead grey mullets were the recipients. Viral shedding in seawater was the highest in flathead grey mullet and rock bream at 25 °C, with 10^6.0 RSIV copies L/g at 14 dpi. No mortality was observed in any group challenged at 15 °C, and no RSIV was detected in seawater after 30 dpi. The virus shed from RSIV-infected flathead grey mullets caused horizontal transmission through seawater. These findings suggest that rapid decision-making is warranted when managing disease in fish farms.

SUBMITTER: Kim KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10135084 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Interspecies Horizontal Transmission in Flathead Grey Mullets (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>).

Kim Kyung-Ho KH Kang Gyoungsik G Woo Won-Sik WS Sohn Min-Young MY Son Ha-Jeong HJ Kwon Mun-Gyeong MG Kim Jae-Ok JO Park Chan-Il CI

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20230413 8

Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. We analyzed the pathogenicity of RSIV in flathead grey mullets (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>), the correlation of histopathological lesions, and interspecies horizontal transmission, through immersion infection and cohabitation challenges. Flathead grey mullets, which were challenged by immersion infection, exhibited mortality at 14 and 24 days after RSIV exposure. Viral shedding in seawater peaked 2-3 days ...[more]

PMID: 37106904

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Project description:Background: Treatment with recombinant gonadotropin hormones (rGths), follicle-stimulating hormone (rFsh) and luteinizing hormone (rLh), was shown to induce and complete vitellogenesis to finally obtain viable eggs and larvae in the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), a teleost arrested at early stages of gametogenesis in intensive captivity conditions. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic changes that occur in the ovary of females during the rGths-induced vitellogenesis. Methods: Ovarian samples were collected through biopsies from the same five females at four stages of ovarian development. RNASeq libraries were constructed for all stages studied, sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq4000, and a de novo transcriptome was constructed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between stages and the functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia. An enrichment analysis of molecular pathways was performed. Results: The de novo transcriptome comprised 287,089 transcripts after filtering. As vitellogenesis progressed, more genes were significantly upregulated than downregulated. The rFsh application induced ovarian development from previtellogenesis to early-to-mid-vitellogenesis with associated pathways enriched from upregulated DEGs related to ovarian steroidogenesis and reproductive development, cholesterol metabolism, ovarian growth and differentiation, lipid accumulation, and cell-to-cell adhesion pathways. The application of rFsh and rLh at early-to-mid-vitellogenesis induced the growth of oocytes to late-vitellogenesis and, with it, the enrichment of pathways from upregulated DEGs related to the production of energy, such as the lysosomes activity. The application of rLh at late-vitellogenesis induced the completion of vitellogenesis with the enrichment of pathways linked with the switch from vitellogenesis to oocyte maturation. Conclusion: The DEGs and enriched molecular pathways described during the induced vitellogenesis of flathead grey mullet with rGths were typical of natural oogenesis reported for other fish species. Present results add new knowledge to the rGths action to further raise the possibility of using rGths in species that present similar reproductive disorders in aquaculture, the aquarium industry as well as the conservation of endangered species.

Project description:Fish stocks that are grown under diverse environmental conditions have different biometric relationships and growth patterns. The biometric length-weight relationship (LWR) is an essential fishery assessment tool, as fish growth is continuous and depends on genetic and environmental factors. The present study attempts to understand the LWR of the flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, from different locations. The study area encompassed its distribution in the wild across freshwater location (one), coastal habitats (eight locations), and estuaries (six locations) in India to determine the relationship between various environmental parameters. Specimens (n = 476) of M. cephalus were collected from commercial catches and the length and weight of individual specimens were recorded. Monthly data from the study locations were extracted for nine environmental variables from the datasets downloaded from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) and the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) over 16 years (2002 to 2017) on the Geographical Information System platform. The parameters of the LWR, intercept 'a' and slope or regression coefficient 'b', varied from 0.005321 to 0.22182 and 2.235 to 3.173, respectively. The condition factor ranged from 0.92 to 1.41. The partial least squares (PLS) score scatter plot matrix indicated differences in the environmental variables between the locations. PLS analysis of the regression coefficient and environment parameters revealed that certain environment variables viz., sea surface temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate, played a positive role. However, chlorophyll, pH, silicate, and iron played a negative role in influencing weight growth across various locations. The results revealed that the M. cephalus specimens from three locations, Mandapam, Karwar, and Ratnagiri, possessed significantly higher fitness to their environment than those from the other six locations. The PLS model can be used to predict weight growth under the various environmental conditions of different ecosystems. The three identified locations are useful sites for the mariculture of this species considering their growth performance, the environmental variables, and their interactions. The results of this study will improve the management and conservation of exploited stocks in regions affected by climate change. Our results will also aid in making environment clearance decisions for coastal development projects and will improve the efficiency of mariculture systems.

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Dataset Information

Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Interspecies Horizontal Transmission in Flathead Grey Mullets (Mugil cephalus).

Publications

Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Interspecies Horizontal Transmission in Flathead Grey Mullets (<i>Mugil cephalus</i>).

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