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Interventional Oncology and Immuno-Oncology: Current Challenges and Future Trends.

ABSTRACT: Personalized cancer treatments help to deliver tailored and biologically driven therapies for cancer patients. Interventional oncology techniques are able to treat malignancies in a locoregional fashion, with a variety of mechanisms of action leading to tumor necrosis. Tumor destruction determines a great availability of tumor antigens that can be recognized by the immune system, potentially triggering an immune response. The advent of immunotherapy in cancer care, with the introduction of specific immune checkpoint inhibitors, has led to the investigation of the synergy of these drugs when used in combination with interventional oncology treatments. The aim of this paper is to review the most recent advances in the field of interventional oncology locoregional treatments and their interactions with immunotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Posa A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10138371 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interventional Oncology and Immuno-Oncology: Current Challenges and Future Trends.

Posa Alessandro A Contegiacomo Andrea A Ponziani Francesca Romana FR Punzi Ernesto E Mazza Giulia G Scrofani Annarita A Pompili Maurizio M Goldberg Shraga Nahum SN Natale Luigi L Gasbarrini Antonio A Sala Evis E Iezzi Roberto R

International journal of molecular sciences 20230416 8

Personalized cancer treatments help to deliver tailored and biologically driven therapies for cancer patients. Interventional oncology techniques are able to treat malignancies in a locoregional fashion, with a variety of mechanisms of action leading to tumor necrosis. Tumor destruction determines a great availability of tumor antigens that can be recognized by the immune system, potentially triggering an immune response. The advent of immunotherapy in cancer care, with the introduction of speci ...[more]

PMID: 37108507

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Project description:Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming healthcare by enabling predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic advancements. Pediatric healthcare presents unique challenges, including limited data availability, developmental variability, and ethical considerations. This narrative review explores the current trends, applications, challenges, and future directions of ML in pediatric healthcare. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted using the query: ("artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning") AND ("pediatric" OR "paediatric"). Studies were reviewed to identify key themes, methodologies, applications, and challenges. Gaps in the research and ethical considerations were also analyzed to propose future research directions. Results: ML has demonstrated promise in diagnostic support, prognostic modeling, and therapeutic planning for pediatric patients. Applications include the early detection of conditions like sepsis, improved diagnostic imaging, and personalized treatment strategies for chronic conditions such as epilepsy and Crohn's disease. However, challenges such as data limitations, ethical concerns, and lack of model generalizability remain significant barriers. Emerging techniques, including federated learning and explainable AI (XAI), offer potential solutions. Despite these advancements, research gaps persist in data diversity, model interpretability, and ethical frameworks. Conclusions: ML offers transformative potential in pediatric healthcare by addressing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic challenges. While advancements highlight its promise, overcoming barriers such as data limitations, ethical concerns, and model trustworthiness is essential for its broader adoption. Future efforts should focus on enhancing data diversity, developing standardized ethical guidelines, and improving model transparency to ensure equitable and effective implementation in pediatric care.

Dataset Information

Interventional Oncology and Immuno-Oncology: Current Challenges and Future Trends.

Publications

Interventional Oncology and Immuno-Oncology: Current Challenges and Future Trends.

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