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Mirror proteorhodopsins.

ABSTRACT: Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name "mirror proteorhodopsins", from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.

SUBMITTER: Okhrimenko IS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10154332 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mirror proteorhodopsins.

Okhrimenko Ivan S IS Kovalev Kirill K Petrovskaya Lada E LE Ilyinsky Nikolay S NS Alekseev Alexey A AA Marin Egor E Rokitskaya Tatyana I TI Antonenko Yuri N YN Siletsky Sergey A SA Popov Petr A PA Zagryadskaya Yuliya A YA Soloviov Dmytro V DV Chizhov Igor V IV Zabelskii Dmitrii V DV Ryzhykau Yury L YL Vlasov Alexey V AV Kuklin Alexander I AI Bogorodskiy Andrey O AO Mikhailov Anatolii E AE Sidorov Daniil V DV Bukhalovich Siarhei S Tsybrov Fedor F Bukhdruker Sergey S Vlasova Anastasiia D AD Borshchevskiy Valentin I VI Dolgikh Dmitry A DA Kirpichnikov Mikhail P MP Bamberg Ernst E Gordeliy Valentin I VI

Communications chemistry 20230502 1

Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive functi ...[more]

PMID: 37130895

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Gnosis is a modality-specific ability to access semantic knowledge of an object or stimulus in the presence of normal perception. Failure of this is agnosia or disorder of recognition. It can be highly selective within a mode. self-images are different from others as none has seen one's own image except in reflection. Failure to recognize this image can be labeled as mirror image agnosia or Prosopagnosia for reflected self-image. Whereas mirror agnosia is a well-recognized situation where the person while looking at reflected images of other objects in the mirror he imagines that the objects are in fact inside the mirror and not outside. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five patients, four females, and one male presented with failure to recognize reflected self-image, resulting in patients conversing with the image as a friend, fighting because the person in mirror is wearing her nose stud, suspecting the reflected self-image to be an intruder; but did not have prosopagnosia for others faces, non living objects on self and also apraxias except dressing apraxia in one patient. This phenomena is new to our knowledge. RESULTS: Mirror image agnosia is an unique phenomena which is seen in patients with parietal lobe atrophy without specificity to a category of dementing illness and seems to disappear as disease advances. DISCUSSION: Reflected self-images probably have a specific neural substrate that gets affected very early in posterior dementias specially the ones which predominantly affect the right side. At that phase most patients are mistaken as suffering from psychiatric disorder as cognition is moderately preserved. As disease becomes more widespread this symptom becomes masked. A high degree of suspicion and proper assessment might help physicians to recognize the organic cause of the symptom so that early therapeutic interventions can be initiated. Further assessment of the symptom with FMRI and PET scan is likely to solve the mystery of how brain handles reflected self-images. CONCLUSION: A new observation involving failure to recognize reflected self-images is reported.

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Mirror proteorhodopsins.

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Mirror proteorhodopsins.

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