Dataset Information

Exogenous leucine alleviates heat stress and improves saponin synthesis in Panax notoginseng by improving antioxidant capacity and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

ABSTRACT: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) are used as industrial raw materials to produce many drugs to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is a heat-sensitive plant, and its large-scale artificial cultivation is impeded by high temperature stress, leading to decreases in productivity and PNSs yield. Here, we examined exogenous foliar leucine to alleviate heat stress and explored the underlying mechanism using metabolomics. The results indicated that 3 and 5 mM exogenous foliar leucine significantly alleviated heat stress in one-year- and two-year-old P. notoginseng in pots and field trials. Exogenous foliar leucine enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD) and the contents of antioxidant metabolites (amino acids). Moreover, exogenous foliar leucine enhanced carbohydrate metabolism, including sugars (sucrose, maltose) and TCA cycle metabolites (citric acid, aconitic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid), in P. notoginseng leaves, stems, and fibrous roots to improve the energy supply of plants and further alleviate heat stress. Field experiments further verified that exogenous foliar leucine increased the productivity and PNSs accumulation in P. notoginseng. These results suggest that leucine application is beneficial for improving the growth and quality of P. notoginseng under heat stress. It is therefore possible to develop plant growth regulators based on leucine to improve the heat resistance of P. notoginseng and other crops.

SUBMITTER: Liu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10154563 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exogenous leucine alleviates heat stress and improves saponin synthesis in <i>Panax notoginseng</i> by improving antioxidant capacity and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Liu Haijiao H Su Yingwei Y Fan Yunxia Y Zuo Denghong D Xu Jie J Liu Yixiang Y Mei Xinyue X Huang Huichuan H Yang Min M Zhu Shusheng S

Frontiers in plant science 20230419

<i>Panax notoginseng</i> saponins (PNSs) are used as industrial raw materials to produce many drugs to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is a heat-sensitive plant, and its large-scale artificial cultivation is impeded by high temperature stress, leading to decreases in productivity and PNSs yield. Here, we examined exogenous foliar leucine to alleviate heat stress and explored the underlying mechanism using metabolomics. The results indicated that 3 and 5 mM exogenous foliar leu ...[more]

PMID: 37152124

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Project description:Background: Community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a drug-resistant bacterium prevalent in community settings, characterized by high pathogenicity and transmission potential. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) represent the first line of defense in innate immunity and are activated to phagocytose MRSA. However, MRSA, once phagocytosed by PMNs, induces necroptosis within the neutrophils, which is a key mechanism contributing to host damage.CA-MRSA releases virulence factors that enhance its pathogenicity by disrupting the host's innate immune response, particularly impairing the phagocytic function of PMNs. Steamed Panax notoginseng (S-PN) has demonstrated immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, showing promising therapeutic effects in alleviating the severe inflammatory responses induced by pathogenic microbial infections. Objective: This study aims to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of S-PN in attenuating CA-MRSA-induced necroptosis of PMNs, and to explore the impact of PMN necroptosis on the inflammatory response. Methods: A co-culture model of MRSA USA300 strain and PMNs isolated from healthy human blood was established to observe the changes in necroptosis marker HMGB1, PMNs counts, ROS, chemokine MCP-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α. RNA-seq was employed to analyze the effects of S-PN on the transcriptional expression of pathogenesis-related genes of MRSA. RT-PCR was utilized to validate the expression of S-PN on MRSA virulence factors and PMNs necroptosis related genes. Results: S-PN significantly inhibited HMGB1, ROS, MCP-1, IL-1β and IL-8 in MRSA-PMN co-cultures, the PMN count in the S-PN group was higher than that in the model group. S-PN down-regulated MRSA pathogenic-associated Staphylococcus aureus infection and quorum sensing signaling pathways, and significantly reduced the virulence factors PSM and PVL. S-PN suppressed the expression of genes associated with necroptosis ripk1, ripk3, and mlkl in PMNs. Conclusion: S-PN inhibited CA-MRSA-induced necroptosis of PMNs, as well as the excessive inflammatory response and ROS accumulation accompanying this process. The mechanism involves the inhibition of the expression of MRSA virulence factor PSM and necroptosis pathway genes. These findings underscore the significant potential of S-PN in the treatment of CA-MRSA infections.

Project description:The seeds of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen are typically characterized by their recalcitrance and after-ripening process and exhibit a high water content at harvest as well as a high susceptibility to dehydration. Storage difficulty and the low germination of recalcitrant seeds of P. notoginseng are known to cause an obstacle to agricultural production. In this study, the ratio of embryo to endosperm (Em/En) in abscisic acid (ABA) treatments (1 mg·l-1 and 10 mg·l-1, LA and HA) was 53.64% and 52.34%, respectively, which were lower than those in control check (CK) (61.98%) at 30 days of the after-ripening process (DAR). A total of 83.67% of seeds germinated in the CK, 49% of seeds germinated in the LA treatment, and 37.33% of seeds germinated in the HA treatment at 60 DAR. The ABA, gibberellin (GA), and auxin (IAA) levels were increased in the HA treatment at 0 DAR, while the jasmonic acid (JA) levels were decreased. ABA, IAA, and JA were increased, but GA was decreased with HA treatment at 30 DAR. A total of 4,742, 16,531, and 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HA-treated and CK groups, respectively, along with obvious enrichment in the ABA-regulated plant hormone pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The expression of pyracbactin resistance-like (PYL) and SNF1-related protein kinase subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) increased in the ABA-treated groups, whereas the expression of type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) decreased, both of which are related to the ABA signaling pathway. As a result of the changes in expression of these genes, increased ABA signaling and suppressed GA signaling could inhibit the growth of the embryo and the expansion of developmental space. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MAPK signaling cascades might be involved in the amplification of hormone signaling. Meanwhile, our study uncovered that the exogenous hormone ABA could inhibit embryonic development, promote dormancy, and delay germination in recalcitrant seeds. These findings reveal the critical role of ABA in regulating the dormancy of recalcitrant seeds, and thereby provide a new insight into recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.

Project description:BackgroundPanax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is important medicinal plant of the Araliacease family. Triterpene saponins are the bioactive constituents in P. notoginseng. However, available genomic information regarding this plant is limited. Moreover, details of triterpene saponin biosynthesis in the Panax species are largely unknown.ResultsUsing the 454 pyrosequencing technology, a one-quarter GS FLX titanium run resulted in 188,185 reads with an average length of 410 bases for P. notoginseng root. These reads were processed and assembled by 454 GS De Novo Assembler software into 30,852 unique sequences. A total of 70.2% of unique sequences were annotated by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches against public sequence databases. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assignment discovered 41 unique sequences representing 11 genes involved in triterpene saponin backbone biosynthesis in the 454-EST dataset. In particular, the transcript encoding dammarenediol synthase (DS), which is the first committed enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of major triterpene saponins, is highly expressed in the root of four-year-old P. notoginseng. It is worth emphasizing that the candidate cytochrome P450 (Pn02132 and Pn00158) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (Pn00082) gene most likely to be involved in hydroxylation or glycosylation of aglycones for triterpene saponin biosynthesis were discovered from 174 cytochrome P450s and 242 glycosyltransferases by phylogenetic analysis, respectively. Putative transcription factors were detected in 906 unique sequences, including Myb, homeobox, WRKY, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and other family proteins. Additionally, a total of 2,772 simple sequence repeat (SSR) were identified from 2,361 unique sequences, of which, di-nucleotide motifs were the most abundant motif.ConclusionThis study is the first to present a large-scale EST dataset for P. notoginseng root acquired by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The candidate genes involved in triterpene saponin biosynthesis, including the putative CYP450s and UGTs, were obtained in this study. Additionally, the identification of SSRs provided plenty of genetic makers for molecular breeding and genetics applications in this species. These data will provide information on gene discovery, transcriptional regulation and marker-assisted selection for P. notoginseng. The dataset establishes an important foundation for the study with the purpose of ensuring adequate drug resources for this species.

Dataset Information

Exogenous leucine alleviates heat stress and improves saponin synthesis in Panax notoginseng by improving antioxidant capacity and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Publications

Exogenous leucine alleviates heat stress and improves saponin synthesis in <i>Panax notoginseng</i> by improving antioxidant capacity and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Similar Datasets

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