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Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents.


ABSTRACT:

Background

The burden of COVID-19 in children and adolescents has increased during the delta and omicron waves, necessitating studies of long-term symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea and cognitive problems. Furthermore, immune responses in relation to persisting symptoms in younger people have not been well characterised. In this cohort study, we investigated the role of antibodies, vaccination and omicron reinfection upon persisting and long-term symptoms up to 8 months post-delta infection.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive participants (n = 276, aged 10-20 years) were prospectively recruited in August 2021. We recorded the major symptoms of post COVID-19 condition and collected serum samples 3- and 8-months post delta infection. Binding antibodies were measured by spike IgG ELISA, and surrogate neutralising antibodies against Wuhan and delta variants by the hemagglutination test (HAT).

Findings

After delta infection, persisting symptoms at 3 months were significantly associated with higher delta antibody titres (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.57-6.04, p = 0.001). Asymptomatic acute infection compared to symptomatic infection lowered the risk of persisting (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.55, p = 0.013) and long-term (OR 0.28 95% CI 0.11-0.66, p = 0.005) symptoms at 3 and 8 months, respectively. Adolescents (16-20 years) were more likely to have long-term symptoms compared to children (10-15 years) (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.37-4.41, p = 0.003).

Interpretation

This clinical and serological study compares long-term symptoms after delta infection between children and adolescents. The association between high antibody titres and persisting symptoms suggest the involvement of an immune mechanism. Similarly to adults, the dominant long-term symptoms in children are fatigue, dyspnoea and cognitive problems.

Funding

This work was funded by the Ministry of Health and Care Services, Norway, the University of Bergen, Norway and Helse Vest, Norway (F-12621).

SUBMITTER: Ertesvag NU 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10166589 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents.

Ertesvåg Nina Urke NU   Iversen Arild A   Blomberg Bjørn B   Özgümüş Türküler T   Rijal Pramila P   Fjelltveit Elisabeth Berg EB   Cox Rebecca Jane RJ   Langeland Nina N  

EBioMedicine 20230505


<h4>Background</h4>The burden of COVID-19 in children and adolescents has increased during the delta and omicron waves, necessitating studies of long-term symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea and cognitive problems. Furthermore, immune responses in relation to persisting symptoms in younger people have not been well characterised. In this cohort study, we investigated the role of antibodies, vaccination and omicron reinfection upon persisting and long-term symptoms up to 8 months post-delta infect  ...[more]

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