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Unifying speed limit, thermodynamic uncertainty relation and Heisenberg principle via bulk-boundary correspondence.

ABSTRACT: The bulk-boundary correspondence provides a guiding principle for tackling strongly correlated and coupled systems. In the present work, we apply the concept of the bulk-boundary correspondence to thermodynamic bounds described by classical and quantum Markov processes. Using the continuous matrix product state, we convert a Markov process to a quantum field, such that jump events in the Markov process are represented by the creation of particles in the quantum field. Introducing the time evolution of the continuous matrix product state, we apply the geometric bound to its time evolution. We find that the geometric bound reduces to the speed limit relation when we represent the bound in terms of the system quantity, whereas the same bound reduces to the thermodynamic uncertainty relation when expressed based on quantities of the quantum field. Our results show that the speed limits and thermodynamic uncertainty relations are two aspects of the same geometric bound.

SUBMITTER: Hasegawa Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10192383 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Unifying speed limit, thermodynamic uncertainty relation and Heisenberg principle via bulk-boundary correspondence.

Hasegawa Yoshihiko Y

Nature communications 20230517 1

The bulk-boundary correspondence provides a guiding principle for tackling strongly correlated and coupled systems. In the present work, we apply the concept of the bulk-boundary correspondence to thermodynamic bounds described by classical and quantum Markov processes. Using the continuous matrix product state, we convert a Markov process to a quantum field, such that jump events in the Markov process are represented by the creation of particles in the quantum field. Introducing the time evolut ...[more]

PMID: 37198163

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Project description:BackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate if erythropoietin (EPO) is effective in the treatment of cancer related anemia, and if its effect remains unchanged when data are analyzed according to various clinical and methodological characteristics of the studies. We also wanted to demonstrate that cumulative meta-analysis (CMA) can be used to resolve uncertainty regarding clinical questions.MethodsSystematic Review (SR) of the published literature on the role of EPO in cancer-related anemia. A cumulative meta-analysis (CMA) using a conservative approach was performed to determine the point in time when uncertainty about the effect of EPO on transfusion-related outcomes could be considered resolved.ParticipantsPatients included in randomized studies that compared EPO versus no therapy or placebo.Main outcome measuresNumber of patients requiring transfusions.ResultsNineteen trials were included. The pooled results indicated a significant effect of EPO in reducing the number of patients requiring transfusions [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.5; p < 0.00001;relative risk (RR) = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.68]. The results remain unchanged after the sensitivity analyses were performed according to the various clinical and methodological characteristics of the studies. The heterogeneity was less pronounced when OR was used instead of RR as the measure of the summary point estimate. Analysis according to OR was not heterogeneous, but the pooled RR was highly heterogeneous. A stepwise metaregression analysis did point to the possibility that treatment effect could have been exaggerated by inadequacy in allocation concealment and that larger treatment effects are seen at hb level > 11.5 g/dl. We identified 1995 as the point in time when a statistically significant effect of EPO was demonstrated and after which we considered that uncertainty about EPO efficacy was resolved.ConclusionEPO is effective in the treatment of anemia in cancer patients. This could have already been known in 1995 if a CMA had been performed at that time.

Dataset Information

Unifying speed limit, thermodynamic uncertainty relation and Heisenberg principle via bulk-boundary correspondence.

Publications

Unifying speed limit, thermodynamic uncertainty relation and Heisenberg principle via bulk-boundary correspondence.

Similar Datasets

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