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Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated how proactive and reactive cognitive control processing in the brain was associated with habitual sleep health. BOLD fMRI data were acquired from 81 healthy adults with normal sleep (41 females, age 20.96-39.58 years) during a test of cognitive control (Not-X-CPT). Sleep health was assessed in the week before MRI scanning, using both objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. Multiple measures indicating poorer sleep health-including later/more variable sleep timing, later chronotype preference, more insomnia symptoms, and lower sleep efficiency-were associated with stronger and more widespread BOLD activations in fronto-parietal and subcortical brain regions during cognitive control processing (adjusted for age, sex, education, and fMRI task performance). Most associations were found for reactive cognitive control activation, indicating that poorer sleep health is linked to a "hyper-reactive" brain state. Analysis of time-on-task effects showed that, with longer time on task, poorer sleep health was predominantly associated with increased proactive cognitive control activation, indicating recruitment of additional neural resources over time. Finally, shorter objective sleep duration was associated with lower BOLD activation with time on task and poorer task performance. In conclusion, even in "normal sleepers," relatively poorer sleep health is associated with altered cognitive control processing, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms and/or inefficient neural processing.

SUBMITTER: Smevik H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10233256 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults.

Smevik Hanne H Habli Sarah S Saksvik Simen Berg SB Kliem Elisabeth E Evensmoen Hallvard Røe HR Conde Virginia V Petroni Agustin A Asarnow Robert F RF Dennis Emily L EL Eikenes Live L Kallestad Håvard H Sand Trond T Thompson Paul M PM Saksvik-Lehouillier Ingvild I Håberg Asta Kristine AK Olsen Alexander A

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20230501 11

This study investigated how proactive and reactive cognitive control processing in the brain was associated with habitual sleep health. BOLD fMRI data were acquired from 81 healthy adults with normal sleep (41 females, age 20.96-39.58 years) during a test of cognitive control (Not-X-CPT). Sleep health was assessed in the week before MRI scanning, using both objective (actigraphy) and self-report measures. Multiple measures indicating poorer sleep health-including later/more variable sleep timing ...[more]

PMID: 36790738

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Project description:BackgroundCardiovascular health optimization during middle age benefits brain health. The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 recently added sleep duration as a key determinant of cardiovascular health becoming the Life's Essential 8. We tested the hypothesis that suboptimal sleep duration is associated with poorer neuroimaging brain health profiles in asymptomatic middle-aged adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective MRI neuroimaging study in middle-aged persons without stroke, dementia, or multiple sclerosis enrolled in the UK Biobank. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as short (<7 hours), optimal (7-<9 hours), or long (≥9 hours). Evaluated neuroimaging markers of brain health included white matter hyperintensities (presence and volume) and diffusion tensor imaging metrics (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) evaluated in 48 distinct neuroanatomical regions. We used multivariable logistic and linear regression models, as appropriate, to test for association between sleep duration and neuroimaging markers of brain health.ResultsWe evaluated 39,502 middle-aged persons (mean age 55, 53% female). Of these, 28,712 (72.7%) had optimal, 8,422 (21.3%) short, and 2,368 (6%) long sleep. Compared to optimal sleep, short sleep was associated with higher risk (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.05-1.17; P<0.001) and larger volume (beta=0.06, SE=0.01; P<0.001) of white matter hyperintensities, while long sleep was associated with higher volume (beta=0.04, SE=0.02; P=0.01) but not higher risk (P>0.05) of white matter hyperintensities. Short (beta=0.03, SE=0.01; P=0.004) and long sleep (beta=0.07, SE=0.02; P<0.001) were associated with worse fractional anisotropy, while only long sleep associated with worse mean diffusivity (beta=0.05, SE=0.02; P=0.005).ConclusionsAmong middle-aged adults without clinically observed neurological disease, suboptimal sleep duration is associated with poorer neuroimaging brain health profiles. Because the evaluated neuroimaging markers precede stroke and dementia by several years, our findings support early interventions aimed at correcting this modifiable risk factor.

Dataset Information

Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults.

Publications

Poorer sleep health is associated with altered brain activation during cognitive control processing in healthy adults.

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