Dataset Information

Insight on immune cells in rejection and infection postlung transplant.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide a concise overview of the role of immune cells in rejection and infection after lung transplantation.

Methods

Based on previous clinical and basic studies, the role of various types of immune cells in the development of rejection and infection after lung transplantation is summarized.

Results

Immune cell functional status is strongly associated with common complications after lung transplantation, such as primary graft dysfunction, infection and occlusive bronchitis syndrome. Targeted balancing of immune cell tolerance and rejection is an important tool for successful lung transplantation.

Conclusion

A comprehensive understanding of immune cell function and the mechanisms that balance immune tolerance and immune rejection may be a crucial factor in improving survival after lung transplantation.

SUBMITTER: Liao M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10336664 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Insight on immune cells in rejection and infection postlung transplant.

Liao Mingfeng M Wang Chaoxi C Zhang Mingxia M Qiao Kun K

Immunity, inflammation and disease 20230701 7

<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of this study is to provide a concise overview of the role of immune cells in rejection and infection after lung transplantation.<h4>Methods</h4>Based on previous clinical and basic studies, the role of various types of immune cells in the development of rejection and infection after lung transplantation is summarized.<h4>Results</h4>Immune cell functional status is strongly associated with common complications after lung transplantation, such as primary graft dysfuncti ...[more]

PMID: 37506156

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Project description:Acute rejection threatens kidney allograft longevity. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a real-time marker of organ injury and immune response. DNA methylation is an epigenetic marker that regulates gene expression. We aim to elucidate differential methylation of total plasma cfDNA between pediatric kidney transplant recipients in the presence compared to the absence of acute rejection. In doing so, we hope to exploit the property of cfDNA as a real-time biomarker and build on available testing to identify genes and processes participating in acute allograft rejection pathophysiology in kidney transplantation. Twenty plasma cfDNA samples from pediatric kidney transplant recipients were collected at the time of allograft biopsy. Using whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), differentially methylated cytosines were identified in presence vs absence of acute rejection. Separate analyses were performed comparing those with borderline rejection to those with rejection, and to those without rejection. Differentially methylated cytosines were then assessed for gene associations and pathway enrichments. Acute rejection was present in 7 biopsies, borderline rejection in 4 biopsies, and no rejection in 9 biopsies. In the comparison of acute rejection to non-rejection biopsies, there were 34,356 differentially methylated cytosines corresponding to 1,269 associated genes, and 533 enriched pathways. These numbers were all substantially greater (4x-13x) than the comparisons made between acute rejection against those with borderline rejection, and between non-rejection against borderline rejection. Prominently enriched pathways between samples of individuals with and without acute rejection were related to immune cell regulation, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. Our data suggest methylation plays a role in development of or response to acute kidney allograft rejection. Specifically, differentially methylated pathways associated with acute rejection include those related to immune and inflammatory responses.

Project description:Infection and rejection are the two most common complications after lung transplantation (LT) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the association between the airway microbiota and infection and rejection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Here, we collected 181 sputum samples (event-free, n = 47; infection, n = 103; rejection, n = 31) from 59 LTRs, and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the airway microbiota. A significantly different airway microbiota was observed among event-free, infection and rejection recipients, including microbial diversity and community composition. Nineteen differential taxa were identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), with 6 bacterial genera, Actinomyces, Rothia, Abiotrophia, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Leptotrichia enriched in LTRs with rejection. Random forest analyses indicated that the combination of the 6 genera and procalcitonin (PCT) and T-lymphocyte levels showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.898, 0.919 and 0.895 to differentiate between event-free and infection recipients, event-free and rejection recipients, and infection and rejection recipients, respectively. In conclusion, our study compared the airway microbiota between LTRs with infection and acute rejection. The airway microbiota, especially combined with PCT and T-lymphocyte levels, showed satisfactory predictive efficiency in discriminating among clinically stable recipients and those with infection and acute rejection, suggesting that the airway microbiota can be a potential indicator to differentiate between infection and acute rejection after LT. IMPORTANCE Survival after LT is limited compared with other solid organ transplantations mainly due to infection- and rejection-related complications. Differentiating infection from rejection is one of the most important challenges to face after LT. Recently, the airway microbiota has been reported to be associated with either infection or rejection of LTRs. However, fewer studies have investigated the relationship between airway microbiota together with infection and rejection of LTRs. Here, we conducted an airway microbial study of LTRs and analyzed the airway microbiota together with infection, acute rejection, and clinically stable recipients. We found different airway microbiota between infection and acute rejection and identify several genera associated with each outcome and constructed a model that incorporates airway microbiota and clinical parameters to predict outcome. This study highlighted that the airway microbiota was a potential indicator to differentiate between infection and acute rejection after LT.

Dataset Information

Insight on immune cells in rejection and infection postlung transplant.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Insight on immune cells in rejection and infection postlung transplant.

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