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Sol-Gel-Syntheses and Structural as well as Electrical Characterizations of Anatase- and Rutile-Type Solid Solutions in the System IrO₂ -TiO₂.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes solid solutions in the quasibinary oxide system iridium-titanium IrO₂ -TiO₂ with rutile and anatase crystal structures. Based on X-ray diffraction evaluations using Rietveld refinements, changes of lattice parameters were determined within the composition series of 0-100 mol % iridium. These changes prove the existence of a complete solid solution series in the rutile structure type. The solubility limit for iridium in the anatase lattice was found to be 6.0(8) mol % iridium for the underlying sol-gel process. In addition, iridium is a promoter for the conversion from anatase to rutile type. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction results of a calcination temperature series for the composition with 5 mol % iridium are shown, which confirm the findings of the composition series and allow conclusions on the phase segregation behavior. The results are complemented by 2-point conductivity measurements at different pressures in a piston press to investigate the question of the conductivity mechanism.

SUBMITTER: Reichert D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10356930 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sol-Gel-Syntheses and Structural as well as Electrical Characterizations of Anatase- and Rutile-Type Solid Solutions in the System IrO2 -TiO2.

Reichert Daniel D Stöwe Klaus K

ChemistryOpen 20230701 7

This paper describes solid solutions in the quasibinary oxide system iridium-titanium IrO2 -TiO2 with rutile and anatase crystal structures. Based on X-ray diffraction evaluations using Rietveld refinements, changes of lattice parameters were determined within the composition series of 0-100 mol % iridium. These changes prove the existence of a complete solid solution series in the rutile structure type. The solubility limit for iridium in the anatase lattice was found to b ...[more]

PMID: 37469025

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Project description:Tb-doped TiO2 (anatase) micro-hollow spheres (HSs) with nano-shells, in the range 0.00-3.00 at.% Tb, were successfully synthesized by a simultaneous chemical implantation route of both Ti and Tb cations from chlorides to a poly-styrene (PST)-co-poly-divinyl benzene (PDVB) sacrificial template, followed by controlled hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions. After water addition to the mixture of the precursors with the template, a decrease in the intensity and a shift to lower wavenumbers of the C=O absorption band in the IR spectra can indicate not only the anchoring of Ti and Tb ions to the carbonyl group of the template but also the hydrolysis of the implanted precursors. This latter process can involve a proton attack on the Ti-Cl, Tb-Cl and C=O bonds, the occupation of a vacant site by a water molecule, and then the dissociation of the dangling Ti-Cl, Tb-Cl ligands and C=O bonds. It gives rise to Ti1-xTbx[(OH)4-uClv]@PST-PDVB and Ti1-xTbx[(OH)4-y]@PST-PDVB complexes (x = 0.00, 0.0012, 0.0170 and 0.030). Finally, polycondensation of these species leads to Ti1-xTbxO2-w'@PST-PDVB compounds. After subsequent thermal removal at 550 °C of the template, the IR bands of the core (template) totally vanished and new bands were observed in the 400-900 cm-1 region which can be attributed to the metalloxane bondings (M-O, M'-O, M-O-M, M-O-M' and/or M'-O-M', being M and M' = Ti and Tb, respectively, i.e., mainly vibration modes of anatase). Then, micron-sized HSs of TiO2 and Tb-doped-TiO2 (anatase) were obtained with nano-shells according to field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed the presence of Tb4+ (38.5 and 41.2% for 1.70 and 3.00 at.% Tb, respectively) in addition to Tb3+ in the resulting HSs, with increasing Tb4+ content with both Tb doping and higher calcination temperatures. Then, these HSs can be considered as rare earth (RE) co-doped systems, at least for 1.70 and 3.00 at.% Tb contents being the transition to rutile phase favored by Tb doping for those compositions. Finally, diffusion of Tb from the inner parts to the surface of the HSs with the calcination treatments was also observed by XPS.

Dataset Information

Sol-Gel-Syntheses and Structural as well as Electrical Characterizations of Anatase- and Rutile-Type Solid Solutions in the System IrO₂ -TiO₂.

Publications

Sol-Gel-Syntheses and Structural as well as Electrical Characterizations of Anatase- and Rutile-Type Solid Solutions in the System IrO<sub>2</sub> -TiO<sub>2</sub>.

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