Dataset Information

Optimizing the First Step of the Biocatalytic Process for Green Leaf Volatiles Production: Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Vegetable Oils.

ABSTRACT: Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), including short chain volatile aldehydes, are widely used in the flavor and food industries because of their fresh aroma. To meet the growing demand for natural GLVs with high added value, the use of biocatalytic processes appears as a relevant application. In such processes, vegetable oils are bioconverted into GLVs. First, the triacylglycerols of the oils are hydrolyzed by a lipase. Then, the free polyunsaturated fatty acids are converted by a lipoxygenase. Finally, volatile C6 or C9 aldehydes and 9- or 12-oxoacids are produced with a hydroperoxide lyase. Optimization of each biocatalytic step must be achieved to consider a scale-up. In this study, three oils (sunflower, hempseed, and linseed oils) and three lipases (Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rhizomucor miehei lipases) have been tested to optimize the first step of the process. The experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for each oil. Five factors were considered, i.e., pH, temperature, reaction duration, enzyme load, and oil/aqueous ratio of the reaction mixture. Candida rugosa lipase was selected as the most efficient enzyme to achieve conversion of 96 ± 1.7%, 97.2 ± 3.8%, and 91.8 ± 3.2%, respectively, for sunflower, hempseed, and linseed oils under the defined optimized reaction conditions.

SUBMITTER: Faillace E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10418742 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimizing the First Step of the Biocatalytic Process for Green Leaf Volatiles Production: Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Vegetable Oils.

Faillace Eva E Brunini-Bronzini de Caraffa Virginie V Mariani Magali M Berti Liliane L Maury Jacques J Vincenti Sophie S

International journal of molecular sciences 20230731 15

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), including short chain volatile aldehydes, are widely used in the flavor and food industries because of their fresh aroma. To meet the growing demand for natural GLVs with high added value, the use of biocatalytic processes appears as a relevant application. In such processes, vegetable oils are bioconverted into GLVs. First, the triacylglycerols of the oils are hydrolyzed by a lipase. Then, the free polyunsaturated fatty acids are converted by a lipoxygenase. Finally ...[more]

PMID: 37569649

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Project description:BackgroundEnzymatic biodiesel is becoming an increasingly popular topic in bioenergy literature because of its potential to overcome the problems posed by chemical processes. However, the high cost of the enzymatic process still remains the main drawback for its industrial application, mostly because of the high price of refined oils. Unfortunately, low cost substrates, such as crude soybean oil, often release a product that hardly accomplishes the final required biodiesel specifications and need an additional pretreatment for gums removal. In order to reduce costs and to make the enzymatic process more efficient, we developed an innovative system for enzymatic biodiesel production involving a combination of a lipase and two phospholipases. This allows performing the enzymatic degumming and transesterification in a single step, using crude soybean oil as feedstock, and converting part of the phospholipids into biodiesel. Since the two processes have never been studied together, an accurate analysis of the different reaction components and conditions was carried out.ResultsCrude soybean oil, used as low cost feedstock, is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (900 ppm of phosphorus). However, after the combined activity of different phospholipases and liquid lipase Callera Trans L, a complete transformation into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs >95%) and a good reduction of phosphorus (P <5 ppm) was achieved. The combination of enzymes allowed avoidance of the acid treatment required for gums removal, the consequent caustic neutralization, and the high temperature commonly used in degumming systems, making the overall process more eco-friendly and with higher yield. Once the conditions were established, the process was also tested with different vegetable oils with variable phosphorus contents.ConclusionsUse of liquid lipase Callera Trans L in biodiesel production can provide numerous and sustainable benefits. Besides reducing the costs derived from enzyme immobilization, the lipase can be used in combination with other enzymes such as phospholipases for gums removal, thus allowing the use of much cheaper, non-refined oils. The possibility to perform degumming and transesterification in a single tank involves a great efficiency increase in the new era of enzymatic biodiesel production at industrial scale.

Project description:BackgroundForage and turf grasses are routinely cut and grazed upon throughout their lifecycle. When grasses are cut or damaged, they rapidly release a volatile chemical cocktail called green leaf volatiles (GLV). Previously we have shown that mechanical wounding or exposure to GLV released from cut grass, activated a Lt 46 kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 3 min and a 44 kDa MAPK within 15-20 min in the model grass species Lolium temulentum (Lt). Currently very little is known concerning the perception, signaling or molecular responses associated with wound stress in grasses. Since GLV are released during wounding, we wanted to investigate what genes and signaling pathways would be induced in undamaged plants exposed to GLV.ResultsRNA-Seq generated transcriptome of Lolium plants exposed to GLV identified 4308 up- and 2794 down-regulated distinct differentially-expressed sequences (DES). Gene Ontology analysis revealed a strong emphasis on signaling, response to stimulus and stress related categories. Transcription factors and kinases comprise over 13% of the total DES found in the up-regulated dataset. The analysis showed a strong initial burst within the first hour of GLV exposure with over 60% of the up-regulated DES being induced. Specifically sequences annotated for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and other plant hormones, mitogen-activated protein kinases and WRKY transcription factors were identified. Interestingly, eleven DES for ferric reductase oxidase, an enzyme involved in iron uptake and transport, were exclusively found in the down-regulated dataset. Twelve DES of interest were selected for qRT-PCR analysis; all displayed a rapid induction one hour after GLV exposure and were also strongly induced by mechanical wounding.ConclusionThe information gained from the analysis of this transcriptome and previous studies suggests that GLV released from cut grasses transiently primes an undamaged plant's wound stress pathways for potential oncoming damage, and may have a dual role for inter- as well as intra-plant signaling.

Dataset Information

Optimizing the First Step of the Biocatalytic Process for Green Leaf Volatiles Production: Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Vegetable Oils.

Publications

Optimizing the First Step of the Biocatalytic Process for Green Leaf Volatiles Production: Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Vegetable Oils.

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