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Photocatalytic performance of biochar-modified TiO₂ (C/TiO₂) for ammonia-nitrogen removal.

ABSTRACT: Biochar-modified TiO₂ (C/TiO₂) was prepared by a sol-gel method in this study to improve the photocatalytic capacity for ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed that biochar was successfully modified on TiO₂ and helped improve its photocatalytic performance for pollutant degradation. The removal capacity of ammonia-nitrogen on the synthesized photocatalyst performed well at pH 10 with 1 g L^-1 C/TiO₂ under both 60 (12.25 mg g^-1) and 120 min (16.31 mg g^-1) irradiation (xenon lamp, AM1.5, 25 A). Characterization of C/TiO₂ through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) analyses showed the successful introduction of biochar on TiO₂. SEM-EDS and BET analyses displayed that C/TiO₂ had a larger surface area and more pores than the raw materials. XRD spectroscopy illustrated that C/TiO₂ had typical characteristic peaks of anatase-TiO₂ and presented a good photocatalytic degradation performance. It was confirmed from XPS and FT-IR analyses that -COOH groups were present in C/TiO₂ and originated from biochar modification, and these enhanced the photocatalytic performance. Through radical quenching experiments, it was found that superoxide radicals (˙O₂^-) played a dominant role in NH₃-N photocatalytic reactions with hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and valence band holes (h⁺) playing a synergistic role. N₂ was the main degradation product after 6 h NH₃-N photocatalytic degradation, which was much larger than NO₃^-/NO₂^- (both almost undetected) and NH₃ (ca. 2 times lower than N₂). The new composite C/TiO₂ has potential for ammonia-nitrogen degradation in wastewater treatment and favorable for treating sewage sludge.

SUBMITTER: Wang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10424061 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Photocatalytic performance of biochar-modified TiO2 (C/TiO2) for ammonia-nitrogen removal.

Wang Jiawei J Wang Guoqiao G Yu Tian T Ding Nengjie N Wang Meicheng M Chen Yao Y

RSC advances 20230814 35

Biochar-modified TiO2 (C/TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel method in this study to improve the photocatalytic capacity for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed that biochar was successfully modified on TiO2 and helped improve its photocatalytic performance for pollutant degradation. The removal capacity of ammonia-nitrogen on the synthesized photocatalyst performed well at pH 10 with 1 g L-1 C/TiO2</ ...[more]

PMID: 37583665

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Project description:Photocatalyst is the core of photocatalysis and directly determines photocatalytic performance. However, low quantum efficiency and low utilization of solar energy are important technical problems in the application of photocatalysis. In this work, a series of polyoxometalates (POMs) [H3PW12O40] (PW12)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers modified with various amount of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by utilizing electrospinning/photoreduction strategy, and were labelled as x wt% Ag/PW12/TiO2 (abbr. x% Ag/PT, x = 5, 10, and 15, respectively). The as-prepared materials were characterized with a series of techniques and exhibited remarkable catalytic activities for visible-light degradation tetracycline (TC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and methyl orange (MO). Particularly, the 10% Ag/PT catalyst with a specific surface area of 155.09 m2/g and an average aperture of 4.61 nm possessed the optimal photodegradation performance, with efficiencies reaching 78.19% for TC, 93.65% for ENR, and 99.29% for MO, which were significantly higher than those of PW12-free Ag/TiO2 and PT nanofibers. Additionally, various parameters (the pH of the solution, catalyst usage, and TC concentration) influencing the degradation process were investigated in detail. The optimal conditions are as follows: catalyst usage: 20 mg; TC: 20 mL of 20 ppm; pH = 7. Furthermore, the photodegradation intermediates and pathways were demonstrated by HPLC-MS measurement. We also investigated the toxicity of products generated during TC removal by employing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) prediction through a toxicity estimation software tool (T.E.S.T. Version 5.1.2.). The mechanism study showed that the doping of PW12 and the modification of Ag NPs on TiO2 broadened the visible-light absorption, accelerating the effective separation of photogenerated carriers, therefore resulting in an enhanced photocatalytic performance. The research provided some new thoughts for exploiting efficient and durable photocatalysts for environmental remediation.

Dataset Information

Photocatalytic performance of biochar-modified TiO₂ (C/TiO₂) for ammonia-nitrogen removal.

Publications

Photocatalytic performance of biochar-modified TiO<sub>2</sub> (C/TiO<sub>2</sub>) for ammonia-nitrogen removal.

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